Lec 70: Stress and Social Support Flashcards

1
Q

William Beaumont

A

18th - 19th Century - Stress with digestive tract

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2
Q

Hippocrates

A

5th Century BC - Disease is different than dealing with the “toil” of that disease (stress)

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3
Q

Claude Bernard

A

19th century - Internal environment influences ability to deal with the external

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4
Q

Walter Cannon

A

Late 19th - 20th Century - Homeostasis and Fight or Flight.

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5
Q

Hans Selye

A

Mid 20th Century - Used word “Stress” - Nonspecific response of the body to a demand

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6
Q

Eustress

A

Good Stress - New job, new relationship, marriage

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7
Q

Distress

A

Negative - Death, Divorce

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8
Q

Who came up with Eustress/Distress?

A

Hans Selye

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9
Q

John Mason

A

Late 20th Century Army/VA physician - Endocrine System + cognition + personality + environment + situation +… = Stress concept

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10
Q

Lazarus and Folkman

A

Late 20th Century - Stress is due to something happening that exceeds are ability to handle properly, a “threat”

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11
Q

Glass and Singer

A

Late 20th Century - Maximal stress not experienced until you are no longer required to cope with the stress (i.e., stay healthy 2 weeks before exam, get sick right after)
ALSO - Perceiving control of the stressor makes you feel less stressed

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12
Q

Sterling and Eyer

A

Allostasis - How the body maintains homeostasis with active daily changes

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13
Q

McEwen and Stellar

A

Allostatic Load - Cumulative cost to the body of repeated activation of stress response and how this affects health

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14
Q

Repeated Acute vs. Chronic Stress

A

Acute can be beneficial, they are short duration frequent stressors that make us stronger and less likely to be as stressed the next time. Chronic, unrelenting, continuous stress is not healthy and can be damaging.

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15
Q

Einstellung Effect

A

Developed by Luchins in mid 20th century - Predisposition for one method to solve problems at the expense of exploring others (just using medication to treat mental health disorders)

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16
Q

Top Down Stress approach

A

Use the brain to control the body like with music, meditation, faith, emotional focusing

17
Q

Bottom Up Approach

A

Using the body to control the brain - Diaphragmatic Breathing, muscle relaxation, exercise, rest

18
Q

Types of social Support

A
  1. Esteem Support
  2. Informational Support
  3. Social Companionship
  4. Instrumental Support
19
Q

Esteem Support

A

Information that a person is esteemed and accepted (emotional support)

20
Q

Informational Support

A

Help in defining, understanding and coping with problematic events

21
Q

Social Companionship

A

Spend time with others

22
Q

Instrumental Support

A

Provision of financial aid, material resources, and needed services

23
Q

Cohen and Williams

A

Late 20th Century - Low social support linked to greater mortality. Also PTSD research.