lec 9

Question 1

the vagina extends

Answer 1

downward and forward

Question 2

the vaginas upper half lies ————- , lower half lies ——–

Answer 2

upper half lies above pelvic diaphragm, while its lower half lies within perineum

Question 3

the cervix extends

Answer 3

downward and backward into vagina

Question 4

which fornix is deeper

Answer 4

the posterior fornix

Question 5

in virgins we can find at the vaginal orifice

Answer 5

mucosal fold called hymen that is perforated at its center

Question 6

The mucosal lining of vagina presents

Answer 6

transverse ridges in its lower third called rugae.

Question 7

Relations of the Vagina anteriorly
upper part
lower part

Answer 7

above to bladder and below to urethra.

Question 8

relations of vagina posteriorly
upper
middle
lower

Answer 8

upper part to pouch of Douglas, in its middle part to ampulla of rectum, and in its lower part to perineal body

Question 9

lateral relations of the vagina
upper
middle
lower

Answer 9

upper part to ureter, middle part to levator ani muscle, and lower part to urogenital diaphragm and bulb of vestibule

Question 10

support of the vagina
upper
middle
lower

Answer 10

(1) Upper part is supported by tone of levator ani muscles.
(2) Middle part is supported by urogenital diaphragm.
(3) Lower part is supported by perineal body

Question 11

Blood Supply of Vagina

Answer 11

(1) Vaginal artery (branch of internal iliac artery).
(2) Vaginal branch of uterine artery.
Vaginal vein forms a plexus around vagina that drains into internal iliac vein.

Question 12

Lymph Drainage of Vagina
upper
middle
lower

Answer 12

(1) Upper part of drain into internal and external iliac lymph nodes.
(2) Middle part drain into internal iliac lymph nodes.
(3) Lower part drain into superficial inguinal lymph nodes. 7

Question 13

ovary is composed of 4 layers

Answer 13

germinal layer
tunica albuginea
cortical zone
medullary zone

Question 14

the germinal layer consists of —————- and it is continuous with————

Answer 14

simple epithelium (squamous/cuboidal/columnar)
mesothelial lining of peritoneal cavity

Question 15

Tunica albuginea: Consists of

Answer 15

dense connective tissue

Question 16

in which region can we find the ovarian follicles

Answer 16

cortical region

Question 17

ovarian follicles are made of

Answer 17

Each follicle contains an oocyte surrounded by one or more layers of follicular cells

Question 18

cortical region is made of

Answer 18

ovarian follicle embedded in a connective tissue (stroma

Question 19

The connective tissue of the cortical region is composed of ————— and we can see ———— in stroma

Answer 19

spindle-shaped fibroblasts-like cells that respond in different way to hormonal stimuli.
Bundles of smooth muscle cells are also scattered throughout stroma

Question 20

Medullary region Consists of

Answer 20

loose connective tissue rich in vascular bed

Question 21

the primordial follicles ocuppy

Answer 21

superficial part of cortical region

Question 22

Each follicle consists of

Answer 22

primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of flattened follicular cells.

Question 23

the oocyte in the primordial follicle is in which phase of replication

Answer 23

prophase of 1st meiosis

Question 24

what are the differences btw primordial cell and Unilaminar primary follicles
oocyte –>
follicular cells –>
…

Answer 24

oocyte –> enlarged with an increasment in number of mitochondria, Golgi complex occupies apical cytoplasm

follicular cells –> mitosis –> cuboidal layer –> granulosa cells

the formation of zona pellucida –> Thick homogenous layer of glycoprotein and acid proteoglycans

Question 25

what are the changes that happened to Multilaminar primary follicles

Answer 25

theca folliculi --> formed by fibroblast-like cells of ovarian stroma granulose cells continue to proliferate, forming a stratified epithelium called zona granulose

Question 26

Secondary (antral) follicle has

Answer 26

follicular antrum --> small fluid-filled spaces in zona granulosa oocyte takes an eccentric place in -->cumulus oophorus thica cells has made 2 layers --> (1) theca interna --> rounded cells (2) theca externa --> spindle shaped

Question 27

what does the theca interna synthesize

Answer 27

androstenedione hormone

Question 28

which cells is responsible for the transformation of androstenedione hormone to estrogen ? using which enzyme ? under the influence of which hormone ?

Answer 28

granulosa cells aromatase FSH

Question 29

were can we find blood vessels in antral follicle ?

Answer 29

theca interna there is no BV in granulosa cells

Question 30

the corona radiata forms in

Answer 30

Mature (graafian) follicle

Question 31

if fertilization did not happen within --------- after ovulation the ova degenerates

Answer 31

24h

Question 32

in the follicular atresia the part that remains from the follicle is -------------- it becomes ------------- stimulated by ----------

Answer 32

theca interna interstitial cells LH

Question 33

Under influence of LH, granulose cells of corpus luteum increase in -------------

Answer 33

size only

Question 34

granulosa cells secrete preovulatory follicle --> after ovulation -->

Answer 34

protein secreting | steroid secreting

Question 35

the lutenised granulose cell secrete --> | theca lutein cells -->

Answer 35

progesterone | estrogen

Question 36

Corpus luteum produces

Answer 36

progesterone, estrogens, relaxin, and inhibin

Question 37

what happens to corpus luteum if pregnancy happened --> | didn't happen -->

Answer 37

corpus luteum persists for 4 – 5 months and then degenerates, and it is called corpus luteum of pregnancy 12 – 14 days after ovulation, they degenerate by apoptosis

Question 38

corpus albicans is produced by invasion of

Answer 38

Neighboring fibroblasts