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anatomy GU > lecture 1 > Flashcards

lecture 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

the kidney lie according to the peritoneum

A

retroperitoneal

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2
Q

Upper pole of the kidney lies opposite

A

T12

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3
Q

Lower pole of the kidney lies opposite

A

L3

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4
Q

Hilum of the kidney lies opposite

A

L1 vertebra or transpyloric plane

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5
Q

The hilum transmits, from the front

backward ————— in addition to ———-

A

Renal vein, renal artery, ureter
Lymph vessels and
sympathetic fibers

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6
Q

During respiration, both kidneys move ———- in a ———— as much as ———-

A

downward in a vertical direction as much as 1 in (2.5 cm)

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7
Q

The right kidney is slightly———- than the left, because of ————

A

lower
the large size of the right
lobe of the liver

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8
Q

The long axis of each kidney is directed

A

downwards and laterally (the upper poles
are slightly nearer midline than the lower
poles)

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9
Q

Upper pole ————- cm from the MIDLINE

A

2.5

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10
Q

The hilum ———— cm from the MIDLINE

A

5

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11
Q

Lower pole ———– cm from the MIDLINE

A

7.5

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12
Q

The kidney is surrounded by a delicate fibrous capsule called the

A

renal capsule

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13
Q

renal capsule is surrounded by

A

Perirenal fat
Renal fascia
Pararenal fat

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14
Q

Pararenal fat forms part of the

A

retroperitoneal fat

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15
Q

Renal fascia is a —————- it continues with ————

A

Condensation of Connective tissue

continue laterally with transversalis fascia

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16
Q

Anterior relations of RIGHT kidney

A

(4 structures)
1- suprarenal gland - upper pole
2- liver - 3/4 surface below suprarenal gland
3- 2nd (descending) part of duodenum - medial border
4- right colic (hepatic) flexure

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17
Q

Anterior relations of LEFT kidney

A

(6 structures)
1- suprarenal gland - upper pole medially extending on medial border to the hilum
2- spleen - lateral half of the anterior surface
3- pancreas and splenic vessels - central quadrilateral area
4- stomach - triangular region, between suprarenal + splenic + pancreatic areas (1+2+3)

5- left colic flexure and the beginning of the descending colon - Below the pancreatic and splenic areas, a narrow lateral strip
6- jejunum - extensive medial area

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18
Q

Posterior relations of the kidneys

A

3 MUSCLES : (medial -> lateral)
psoas major
quadratus lumborum
transversus abdominis

3 NERVES : (superior->inferior)
subcostal (T12)
iliohypogastric (L1)
ilioinguinal (L1)

2 LIGAMENTS :
medial + lateral arcuate ligament

  • subcostal vessels
  • diaphragm

RIBS:
right - 12 rib
left - 11+12 ribs

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19
Q

the cortex looks

A

pale and granular

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20
Q

The medulla is composed of

A

12 - 20 conical masses termed the renal pyramids,

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21
Q

the renal papilla projects ——— into the interior of ———-

A

medially

minor calyx

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22
Q

Renal pyramids are separated by

Study These Flashcards
A

renal (cortical) column

23
Q

The region of the cortex between the bases of the pyramids and fibrous capsule are called

Study These Flashcards
A

the cortical arches or cortical lobules

24
Q

the renal sinus is ———-

Study These Flashcards
A

devoid of renal tissue

25
The renal sinus is occupied by the
renal pelvis (the dilated upper part of ureter)
26
Renal pelvis is divided into --------------, each of which divides into ------------ Each of them receives ------------ (With the numbers)
2-3 major calyces 2-3 minor calyces 1-3 renal papillae
27
the filtration barrier that separates urinary | space and blood in the capillaries
the thick basement membrane btw the podocytes and the endothelial cells
28
the type of the endothelial cells of glomerular capillaries are
fenestrated capillaries
29
The glomeruli are composed of arterial capillaries in which hydrostatic pressure about ---------- which is (lower/higher) than that found in other capillaries
4.5 mm Hg | higher
30
Particles greater than --------- in diameter do not readily pass through the basal lamina
10 nm
31
characteristics of mesangial cells
- contractile - have receptors for angiotensin 2 - receptors for natriuretic factor produce by cardiac atria cells
32
what is the effect of angiotensin 2 on glomerular flow
reduce it
33
what is the effect of natriuretic peptide
vasodilator and relaxes The mesangial cells, probably increasing the blood flow and the effective surface area available for filtration
34
Proximal convoluted tubule are lined by
simple cuboidal or low columnar epithelium
35
each transverse section of a proximal tubule contains
3-5 spherical nuclei only
36
juxtaglomerular complex or apparatus of the kidney is made of
juxta glomerular cells and macula densa
37
a sample was taken from a tissue showed, The luminal border of these cells has abundant microvilli, which form a brush border from which type of tubules are they
Proximal convoluted tubule
38
these tubules are found in the cortex
proximal and distal convoluted tubules
39
the thin segments of henl's loop are lined with
simple squamous epithelium whose nuclei bulge into the lumen
40
collecting tubule originate in
cortical medullary rays
41
The collecting tubules are lined with
simple cuboidal epithelium
42
The collecting ducts are lined with
simple columnar epithelium
43
collecting tubules and ducts are composed of cells that stain
weakly with usual dyes
44
renal artery lies opposite
L2
45
renal artery divides into --------- that are positioned ---------
5 segmental artery | 4 in front and one behind the renal pelvis
46
renal artery divides into -> -------- -> ---------- ->--------- (Mention the numbers)
segmental arteries (5) -> lobar arteries one for each renal pyramid -> 2-3 interlobar arteries (run through the renal column btw the renal pyramids)
47
interlobar artereis give -> ----------
arcuate arteries (btw cortex and medulla) -> interlobular arteries (ascend in the cortex )
48
A renal lobule is
group of nephrons that open into branches of the same collecting duct
49
The afferent glomerular arteries arise as branches of the
interlobular arteries
50
The efferent arterioles divide to form the
peritubular capillaries
51
supply the tubular portions of the nephron in the renal medulla
Extending from some efferent arterioles are long loop shaped capillaries called vasa recta
52
Lymphatic Drainage of the kidney
Lateral aortic lymph nodes
53
Nerve Supply of Kidneys + afferent and the level they enter the spinal cord
through the renal sympathetic plexus -> The lowest splanchnic nerve (preganglionic sympathetic fiber) from T12 -> celiac ganglia ->Postganglionic sympathetic fibers enter the renal plexus Visceral afferent fibers that travel through the renal plexus enter the spinal cord in the T 10 11 and 12 spinal nerves
54
pain in the kidney is felt in
the flank and the anterior abdominal wall

anatomy GU (11 decks)

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