LEC MIDTERM

Question 1

1. A deficiency of retardation. — Is one of the world’s most common preventable causes
   of mental

a. zinc
b. lodine
c. selenium
d.magnesium

Answer 1

b. lodine

Question 2

2. Which mineral is critical to keeping the heartbeat steady and plays a major
   role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance?

a. Sodium
b. Calcium
c. Potassium
d. Magnesium

Answer 2

c. Potassium

Question 3

4. The levels of this macronutrient in the body are most depleted after a day of fasting or
   into starvation:
   a. Amino acids
   b.Glycogen
   c. Triglycerides
   d. Fatty acids

Answer 3

b.Glycogen

Question 4

5. Which of the following is one of the functions of Vitamin E?
   A. Anti-inflammatory
   b. Antidiuretic
   c. Antimicrobial
   D. Antioxidant

Answer 4

D. Antioxidant

Question 5

6. Low sodium diet is recommended in advanced liver stages to treat:
   a. Ascites
   b. Beriberi
   c. Congestive heart failure
   d.Coma

Answer 5

a. Ascites

Question 6

Which of the following groups of water soluble vitamins are synthesized by gut bacteria?

A. Choline and B12
b. B2 and B12
c. B6 and B12

Answer 6

c. B6 and B12

Question 7

8. Which of the following carries triglycerides synthesized from the liver?
   A. Chylomicrons
   B. HDL
   C. LDL
   D. VLDL

Answer 7

A. Chylomicrons

Question 8

9. All of the following are indicators of fiuid requirement, except:
   A. Nitrogen balance
   B. Blood pressure
   C. Body temperature D.Dehydration

Answer 8

A. Nitrogen balance

Question 9

11. Which of the following questions might lead to administration of parenteral nutrition?
    A. Is the GI tract functional?
    B.Is intake grossly deficient?
    C. Can the patient eat normally?
    D. Can the patient tolerate nutrients well?

Answer 9

B.Is intake grossly deficient?

Question 10

12. Which of the following is the most significant factor in the development of type 2
    diabetes mellitus?
    A. alcoholism
    b. Smoking
    c. Stress
    d.Obesity
    e.High BP

Answer 10

d.Obesity

Question 11

13. Where is ghrelin produced?
    A. Small intestines
    B. Pancreas
    C. Stomach
    D. None of the

Answer 11

C. Stomach

Question 12

15. What is the second step in moving a nutrient through the GI tract?
    A. Ingestion
    B. Digestion
    C. Absorption
    D. Utilization

Answer 12

B. Digestion

Question 13

16. Which of the following is true about Diabetes Mellitus Type 1?
    A. Insulin resistance
    C. Decreased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis
    B. Insulin dependence
    D. Insulin insensitivity

Answer 13

A. Insulin resistance

Question 14

17. After the body has been fasting for some time, which of the following is used to
    provide the fuel the brain requires?
    A. Glycerol
    B. . Amino acids
    C. Ketones
    D. FATTY ACIDS

Answer 14

C. Ketones

Question 15

18. What is/are the effects of electrolyte imbalance?
    A. Disturbed acid-base balance
    B. Bulimia nervosa
    C. Sudden heart failure
    D. Both A and B

Answer 15

D. Both A and B

Question 16

19. What happens to the excess amino acids when the body’s protein and energy are
    met.
    A. Stored as protein
    B.Stored as fat
    C. Excreted in feces

Answer 16

B.Stored as fat

Question 17

20. What is the largest part of the small intestine?
    A. Duodenum
    B. Jejunum
    C. Ileum
    D. Colon

Answer 17

C. Ileum

Question 18

21. This is the lifestyle factor that has the most significant on ones vitamin C
    requirements?
    a. Alcoholism
    b. Smoking with conrad

Answer 18

b. Smoking with conrad

Question 19

22. Which of the following has the highest vit C content?
    A.Milk
    B. Beef
    C.Green pepper
    D.Eggs

Answer 19

C.Green pepper

Question 20

23. Which of the following is a function of sodium?
    A. It serves as an antioxidant
    B. It maintains water balance
    C. It is crucial in hematopolesis
    D. It serves as a cofactor of metalloenzymes

Answer 20

D. It serves as a cofactor of metalloenzymes

Question 21

24. Water-soluble vitamins function in:
    A. Red blood cell production or cell replication
    B. Energy metabolism
    C. All or the above

Answer 21

C. All or the above

Question 22

25. Who are at risk of electrolyte imbalances?
    A. Children w/ SAM
    B. CKD patients
    C. Bulimic patients
    D. All of the above

Answer 22

D. All of the above

Question 23

26. Which of the following exemplifies an improper use of supplements?
    A. Use of folic acid supplements for a woman who might get pregnant
    B. Use of vit C supplements for an Individual with healthy immunity
    C.Use of a multivitamin supplement for an individual who follows a low-calorie diet
    D. Use of vit B12 supplements for a veg

Answer 23

B. Use of vit C supplements for an Individual with healthy immunity

Question 24

27. Olive oil contains what particular type of fatty acid?
    A. Polyunsaturated fat
    B. Omega-3 fat
    C. Omega-6 fat
    D. Omega-9 fat

Answer 24

D. Omega-9 fat

Question 25

28. Which of the following is NOT a function of kidneys? A. Create hormones B. Filter the blood C. Excrete Urea D. Conserve bicarbonates if there is metabolic alkalosis E. None

Answer 25

E. None

Question 26

29. What two systems coordinate and control all digestive/absorptive processes? A. Muscular and nervous B. Muscular and endocrine C. Nervous and endocrine D. Nervous and cardiovascular

Answer 26

C. Nervous and endocrine

Question 27

30. What nutrients would most likely be deficient in an alcoholic patient? A. Calcium and vitamin C B. Folate and fiber C. Omega-3 and fiber D. Thiamin and folate

Answer 27

D. Thiamin and folate

Question 28

31. What is the deficiency disease of calcium called in adults? A. Osteoporosis B. Tetany C. Osteomalacia D. Rickets

Answer 28

C. Osteomalacia

Question 29

33. During pregnancy, the combination of high blood pressure and protein in the urine signals: a. jaundice b. preeclampsia. c. gestational diabetes. d. gestational hypertensio

Answer 29

b. preeclampsia.

Question 30

34. A pre milk substance containing mostly serum with antibodies and white blood cells, a. Colostrum b. Pasteurized milk. c. Skimmed milk

Answer 30

a. Colostrum

Question 31

35. In what month do you begin to give iron-fortified cereal mixed with breast milk, formula, or water to an infant? a. 2 - 3 months b. 8 - 9 months c. 10 - 12 months d. 4 - 6 months

Answer 31

d. 4 - 6 months

Question 32

The two nutrients that are usually lacking in a adolescents' diets are: a. Zinc and fat b. Iron and calcium. c. protein and thiamin. d. vitamin A

Answer 32

b. Iron and calcium.

Question 33

37. Which of the following describes the body's initial reaction to absorbing large amounts of carbohydrates? A. Breakdown of glycogen B. Breakdown of body fat C. Production and storage of glycogen

Answer 33

C. Production and storage of glycogen

Question 34

38. Abnormal immune response to a food by the body believing it is hazardous a. Food allergy B. Food poisoning

Answer 34

a. Food allergy

Question 35

39. What characteristic(s) do vitamins D and K have in common? A. Both are produced in the body B.. Neither has no relation w/ blood function C. Both function in normal vision D. Neither has no relation w/ bone function

Answer 35

A. Both are produced in the body

Question 36

40. Which of the following is rich in omega 3 fats? A Cream B. Coconut oil D. Fish oil

Answer 36

D. Fish oil

Question 37

41. Which of the following is a rich source of vitamin D2 A. Milk B. Liver C. Mushrooms D. None of the above

Answer 37

C. Mushrooms

Question 38

42. Hyperglycemia is a risk factor for: A. Osteoarthritis B. Fractures C. Gallstones D. Poor wound healing

Answer 38

D. Poor wound healing

Question 39

43. Which of the following is not an important function of stomach acid in digestion and absorption of nutrients? A. It activates pepsin B. It destroys pathogenic bacteria C. It helps in the hydrolysis of proteins D. It activates pancreatic enzymes

Answer 39

D. It activates pancreatic enzymes

Question 40

44. In glycogen storage diseases which sign is shared across all types? A. hyperglycemia B. Hypertension C. Hypotension D. Hypoglycemia

Answer 40

D. Hypoglycemia

Question 41

45. Within 24 hours of ICU admission, COVID-19 patients should be initiated with A. Enteral feeding B. Parenteral feeding C. Transpyloric feeding D. Supplemental PN

Answer 41

A. Enteral feeding

Question 42

47. Mr. Segobre experiences loss of appetite, difficulty swallowing, and mouth pain as a consequence of illness. Mr. Segobre is at risk of malnutrition due to: A. altered metabolism. B. reduced food intake. c. altered excretion of nutrients. d. altered digestion and absorption

Answer 42

B. reduced food intake.

Question 43

48. Examples of medication-related symptoms that can significantly limit food intake include: a. ringing in the ears. b. persistent nausea and vomiting. c. Insomnia d. skin rash.

Answer 43

b. persistent nausea and vomiting.

Question 44

49. Medications that reduce stomach acidity, Can impair the absorption of: a. fat-soluble vitamins. B. thiamin and riboflavin. c. sodium and potassium, D. vitamin B12, folate, and iron.

Answer 44

D. vitamin B12, folate, and iron.

Question 46

50. Adverse drug effects are most likely when: a. multiple medications are used drugs. c. patients begin using a new medication. b. generic drugs are substituted for brand-name d. medications are taken for just one or two day

Answer 46

a. multiple medications are used drugs.