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Public Health (Virology) > Lec.2 > Flashcards

Lec.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Viral Growth is detected by?

A
  • Cytopathogenic
  • Inclusion Bodies
  • Hemadsorption
  • Interference
  • Fluorescent anti-body staining
  • Detection of viral Antigens by
    serology
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2
Q

Cytopathogenic

A

cell death (poliovirus), cluster formation
(adenovirus), giant cell formation (measles and mumps viruses) or cell
transformation (tumor viruses).

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3
Q

Inclusion Bodies

A

observed by light microscope. They are aggregates or just sites of
replication of the virus e.g. cytoplasmic Negri bodies in brain cells of rabies
infected animal, cytoplasmic Guarnieri′s bodies of poxvirus or nuclear bodies of
adenovirus or nuclear and cytoplasmic bodies in case of cytomegalovirus.

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4
Q

Hemadsorption

A

viruses which contain hemagglutinin spikes are

able to form clumps of RBCs if added to the tissue culture.

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5
Q

Interference

A

Host cells infected with a virus may acquire resistance to infection by a
second virus, of the same type or another one. Some viruses do not
produce CPE, however, their growth can be proved by their ability to interfere
with another CPE producing virus e.g. rubella and ECHO virus.

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6
Q

Local Infections

A
  • Skin
  • Respiratory Tract Infection affecting the mucos membrane
  • Alimentary Tract
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7
Q

more than 60% of

diarrhea in infants are caused by

A

Rotavirus

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8
Q 
The virus passes through lymphatics, blood
(viremia), tissues or nerves, reaching the
target tissue (tropism),
A

Systemic Infection

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9
Q

What should one take to prevent/before viremic phase

A

Administration of
neutralizing antibodies before the viremic phase could prevent the development of
the disease.

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10
Q

are characterized by short incubation period and short lasting
immunity

A

Local Infections

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11
Q

are characterized by long incubation period and

long lasting immunity

A

Systemic Infections

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12
Q

the virus remain hidden most of the time with intermittent

reactivation and development of the disease

A

Latent Infections

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13
Q

the virus usually has long incubation period and is always

shedding

A

Chronic Infection

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14
Q

are viruses with long incubation period and slow multiplication

A

Slow Infection

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15
Q

many viruses penetrate the placenta during

pregnancy causing congenital defect in the embryo.

A

Congential/Teratogenic Infection

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16
Q

resulting in transformation of infected cells.Viral

genes become integrated into host cell chromosome

A

Oncogenicity (tumor causing)

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17
Q

s, viral RNA acts as a template for synthesis
of viral DNA- through the action of reverse transcriptase. The DNA copy of the
viral RNA is integrated into the host cell chromosome

A

RNA tumor viruses

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18
Q

Epidemiology of viral Infections?

A
  • Direct contact ( sexual transmission)
  • Droplet Infection ( respiratory)
  • Oral Fecal Infection (feces-flies-food-finger - 4F)
  • Skin Puncture
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19
Q

Skin puncture through?

A
  • Injection Hepatitis B
  • Anthropods Yellow Fever
  • Animal Bites Rabies Virus
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20
Q
  • Agents preventing attachment
  • Agent preventing uncoating
  • Agents inhibiting the replication
A
  • Agents preventing attachment (ie. neutralizing antibodies)
  • Agent preventing uncoating (Amantadine and Rimantadine)
  • Agents inhibiting the replication (—– &Interferons)
21
Q

Inteferons are all non-specific except?

A

gamma which is specific.

22
Q

They are species specific

A

Human Interferons

23
Q

MOA Interfons?

A

They act by inhibiting the translation of viral mRNA, without affecting
the translation of human cellular mRNA, by attaching to certain cell surface
receptors triggering the formation of intracellular kinase.

24
Q

Used mainly for prophylaxis in hepatitis B to delay the appearance of liver
cancer

A

Interferons

25
Q

Measurement of viral antigen

A

(total count = active + inactive)

26
Q

Measurement of infectivity

A

(active only)

27
Q

How is viral antigen measured?

A

Electron Microscopy and Hemagglutinin

28
Q

How is infectivity measurement calculated

A
  • Cultivation and Enumeration of CPE

- Animal Inoculation nd determination of Lethal Dose (50)

29
Q

pregnant lady infected with rubella should

A

get an abortion done

30
Q

Diseases associated with high mortality

A

AIDS- yellow fever

31
Q

Chronic Carriers

A

Hepatitis B

32
Q

nosocomial infections?

A

Influenza

33
Q

Lab diagnosis is depended on ?

A
  • Microscopical examination to detect inclusion bodies
  • Cultivation in tissue culture/chick embryo
  • Serological Test (ie, ELISA/ Immunofluorescence)
  • Detection of viral genetic Material
34
Q

How is viral genetic material detected?

A

PCR, Electrophoretic Separation of RNA, Electrophoretic Separation of Restriction endonucleases

35
Q

are the largest and most complex human viruses

A

Poxviruses

36
Q

Examples of Proxvirus?

A

small

pox, cow pox, vaccinia

37
Q

Causes Benign Skin warts

A

molluscum contagiosum ( PoxViruses)

38
Q

The virus is large brick shape (200 x
400 nm) observed by light microscope,
enveloped with inner membrane enclosing

A

Smallpox (variola)

39
Q

linear DS DNA

A

Smallpox (variola)

40
Q

Eradication of small pox was successful because?

A
  1. Small pox is an exclusive human pathogen.
  2. Single serotype protects against all infections.
  3. The disease exhibits visible pustules (allows quarantine and
    vaccination of contacts), with no chronic or asymptomatic carriers.
  4. Stable and inexpensive vaccine is available.
41
Q

How is small pox transmitted?

A

Refer to pg.12

42
Q

Day 12: ppl with small pox experience?

A

fever, rash, headache

43
Q

Complications of vaccinations include:

A

a- bacterial infection of the vaccination site.
b- Generalized vaccinia: spread of the virus through the blood causing generalized
skin lesions.

44
Q

How are small pox vaccination administered?

A

Intradermally by scratching

45
Q

2 types of vaccination

A
  • Calf lymph vaccine

- Lyophilized vaccine

46
Q

prepared from vaccinia

virus in embryonated eggs

A

Lyophilized vaccine

47
Q

prepared by inoculation of

vaccinia virus on shaved skin of calves.

A
  • Calf lymph vaccine:
48
Q

Human Herpes Viruses

A
    • Large enveloped icosahedral with linear DS DNA
  • Replication occurs in the nucleus and gains its envelope from the nuclear membrane and is
    released via tubules or vacuoles that communicate with the exterior.
  • Show latent infection
  • Some members are Oncogenes
  • Susceptible to anti-viral chemotherapy
49
Q

Human Herpes Viruses?

A
  • Alpha: Type 1 and Type 2 & Varicella Zoster
  • Gamma: affects B-lymphocytes and Epithelial cells
  • Beta: Monocytes and Lymphocytes

Public Health (Virology) (2 decks)

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