lec4 : Polycythemia and anemia

Question 1

Definition of Polycythemia

Answer 1

increase in the RBC mass, increase in hemoglobin level

Question 2

Effects of polycythemia:
5 Increase
…………………blood flow

Answer 2

Increase in
- RBCs number
- blood viscosity
- Work load on 
the heart
-  peripheral resistance
- blood pressure
  sluggish blood flow

Question 3

Primary polycythemia (Polycythemia rubra vera) is considered as a…………………..

Answer 3

neoplastic disease

Question 4

Secondary polycythemia is due to………………… ,, …………….

Answer 4

Hypoxia , Renal disease

Question 5

Definition of anemia

Answer 5

decrease of RBCs number or in Hb concentration or in both, in low or normal total blood volume

Question 6

Bone marrow failure is an ……………….

Answer 6

Aplastic anemia

Question 7

causes of aplastic anemia may be :

Answer 7

X-ray,
chloramphenicol,
chemotherapy,
idiopathic

Question 8

why aplastic anemia called Pancytopenia?

Answer 8

due to depression in the formation of RBCs,WBCs,Platelets

Question 9

when iron deficiency occurs ?

Answer 9

when not enough iron available for synthesis HB ( Less Hb formation)

Question 10

causes of iron deficiency may be :

Answer 10

-Deficient iron intake
- Excess demand,
puberty pregnancy
-Poor iron absorption
– chronic bleeding

Question 11

in iron deficiency
number of erythrocytes …………………
less ……………….
………………………….

Answer 11

• normal or reduced
• HB ( hypochromic anemia)
• Microcytic

Question 12

Iron deficiency anemia causes

Answer 12

hypochromic microcytic anemia

Question 13

what is Microcytic hypochromic anemia?

Answer 13

 Small size RBCs

 Less Hb

Question 14

what is Macrocytic hyperchromic anemia

[megaloblastic anemia}?

Answer 14

Large size, immature odd
shaped, fragile RBCs
 Severe number reduction

Question 15

• Renal anemia

Answer 15

insufficient RBC s production
defect in erythropoeitin
Normocytic normochromic anemia

Question 16

pathological finding in iron deficiency ?

Answer 16

• oral manifestation as angular stomatitis
• glossitis , dysphagia
• spoon nails , Brittle lusterless nails
• splenomegaly
• BM hyperplasia

Question 17

Vitamin B12 or Folic acid deficiency anemia is

Answer 17

Erythroblast fail to proliferate or mature into RBCs

Question 18

causes of Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia may be :

Answer 18

• Malabsorption

- - Atrophic gastritis

Question 19

causes of Folic acid deficiency anemia may be :

Answer 19

Nutritional defect

Question 20

Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia causes

Answer 20

Pernicious anemia
Macrocytic
hyperchromic anemia
+ Neurological defects

Question 21

Folic acid deficiency anemia causes

Answer 21

Macrocytic

hyperchromic anemia

Question 22

what is Vitamin B12 deficiency called ?

Answer 22

pernicious anemia

Question 23

why V B12 deficiency cause Neurological

defects?

Answer 23

it is needed to myelin formation

Question 24

pernicious anemia or Addison’s anemia common in

Answer 24

blood group A

Question 25

Corpuscular cause Hemolytic anemia

Answer 25

 Hereditary spherocytosis  Sickle cell anemia  Thalassemia  Glucose 6 p dehydrogenase deficiency

Question 26

Extracorpuscular cause Hemolytic anemia

Answer 26

```  Incompatible blood transfusion  Rh incompatability  Malaria infection  Sulfonamide  Snake venum  Lead ```

Question 27

the most abundant protein in RBCs cytoskeleton

Answer 27

Spectrin

Question 28

mutation in alpha or beta globin genes can cause ................. and ..........................

Answer 28

Sickle cell anemia and Thalasemia

Question 29

Hb A: ........... polypeptide chains :

Answer 29

4 polypeptide chains 2 alpha, 2 beta

Question 30

Hb S: Normal ...................in position........... on the Beta chain is substituted by ..................

Answer 30

glutamic acid aa , 6 , Valine aa

Question 31

B-chain in Oxygenated : | HB carry O2

Answer 31

Soluble

Question 32

B-chain in Deoxygenated:

Answer 32

insoluble, precipitates into long crystals

Question 33

Sickle cell anemia is ..........

Answer 33

Inherited genetic defect in Hb formation

Question 34

Severe pain that affects the bones of the hands, the | feet, or both

Answer 34

Dactylitis

Question 35

the first symptom of sickle cell disease in babies.

Answer 35

Dactylitis

Question 36

Glucose 6 phosphate enzyme is an enzyme that :

Answer 36

➢ Is coded by gene on X chromosome | ➢ helps in producing the antioxidants

Question 37

G6P dehydrogenase deficiency{Favism}:

Answer 37

- X-linked recessive disorder | - Leads to acute intravascular hemolysis on exposure to oxidizing agent

Question 38

- The oxidizing agents as:

Answer 38

fava beans, | sulfonamides

Question 39

Thalasemia defect or absence of one or more of............. | responsible for synthesis of ...................

Answer 39

genes | α or β chains

Question 40

- Hemorrhagic anemia: acute

Answer 40

RBC s loss , Wound bleeding

Question 41

- Hemorrhagic anemia: acute

Answer 41

Normocytic normochromic anemia

Question 42

chronic anemia

Answer 42

``` iron loss due: Bleeding piles, excessive mensis cues: Microcytic hypochromic anemia ```

Question 43

Renal anemia

Answer 43

insufficient RBC s production defect in erythropoeitin Normocytic normochromic anemia

Question 44

Effects of anemia

Answer 44

1-Decreased tissue oxygenation: especially during exercise. 2-Increased work load on the heart due to: Decreased blood viscosity due to decrease number of RBCs will decrease the resistance to blood flow so that greater quantities of blood flow through the tissues and then return to the heart