Lect 1 Introduction Flashcards
What is physiology
Study of the normal functioning of a living organism and it’s components part
What is the organization of life
Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organs systems and organism
True or false
The cell is the smallest unit of structure capable of carrying out all life processes
True
Explain what these organs system do
- Integumentary
- Musculoskeletal
- Respiratory
- Digestive
- Urinary
- Reproductive
- Circulatory ( cardiovascular )
- Nervous
- Endocrine
- Immune
- Integumentary- skin
- Musculoskeletal- support and body movement
- respiratory- exchange gases
- Digestive - takes up nutrients ( including water) and removes wastes
- Urinary - removes water and waste material
- Reproductive - produces eggs and sperm
- Circulatory ( cardiovascular) - distributed materials by pumping blood through vessels
- Nervous - coordinates body functions
- Endocrine - coordinates body functions
- Immunes - protects form foreign substance
What are the 4 types of tissues
Nervous, muscle, connective and epithelial
Explain epithelial tissue
Protect the internal environment, regulate the exchange material or ma facture and secrete chemicals
What are the 5 functional types of epithelial tissue
Exchange, transporting, ciliated, protective and secretory
Explain connective tissue
Extensive extracellular matrix that provides structural support and forms a physical barrier
Give examples of connective tissue
Adipose tissue, bone, blood
Explain muscle tissue
It has the ability to contract and produce force and movement.
What are the types of muscle tissues
Muscle in the heart, smooth muscle and skeletal muscle
Explain neural tissue
Use neurons, which use electrical and chemical signals to transmit information form one part of the body to another
What is homeostasis
Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment
What happens when there is a failure to maintain homeostasis
Diseases
What is ECF
The watery internal environment that surrounds the cells
What is ICF
Is the fuis within the cells
What is the role of ECF
It serves as a buffer zone between outside world and ICF
What is the % is our body weight that is water
60%
Of the total volume what is the percentage that is in ICF and ECF
ICF 40%
ECF 20%
Explain what is a dynamic steady state
Materials are moving between 2 compartments but there is no net movement
What is a equilibrium
Composition of compartments are identical
Why homeostasis is not an equilibrium
I’m a state of homeostasis the composition of both body compartments is relatively stable. So it is a dynamic steady state
What are the types of controls systems and explain
Local control - restricted to a tissue or cell
Reflex control - uses long distance signaling
What is a feedback loop
It modulates the response loop
How does a feedback loop works ( what are the steps to give a response)
Stimulus- sensor- input signal- integrating center- output signal- target- response
Explains the negative and positive feedback
Negative - stabilize the variable
Positive - reinforce the variable ( do by lead to homeostasis)
Explain the pathway for negative feedback
The initial stimulus will have a reponse end this réponse will shut off the initial stimulus
Ex : if you are cold you’re body will detect and the reponse will be sweat
Explain the pathway for a positive feedback
You have the stimulus you will have a réponse that will increase the stimulus
Example giving birth : the banning pushing against the fervid will have a cervical street that will stimulate oxytocin release that will cause intermixed contraction and it continues
What is a feedforward control
Allows the body to anticipate change
Reflex control has 2 parts what is it
Responsive loop and feedback loop
Explain the response loop
Begins with a stimulus and uses nervous or endocrine system
