Lect 5 Flashcards
Gives the name to an important cranial nerve ( nerve X)’
Vagus nerve
What are the 3 parts of brain stem
Medulla, pons and midbrain
Give the function of medulla
Traditional form the spinal cord to the brain
The pyramids controls the opposite side of the body
Control involuntary functions such as blood pressure, breathing, vomiting, swallowing
What are the function of pons
Act as a relay station between the cerebellum and the cerebrum
Coordinate breathing
What are the functions of the midbrain
Eye movement, relay signals for hearing and seeing reflexes
What is the function of cerebellum
Process sensory information and coordinate the execution of movement
Equilibrium and balance form somatic receptor
What are the 4 types of diencephalon
Thalamus, hypothalamus, pituary gland and pineal gland
What is the function of thalamus
Receives sensory info
Relay station
What is the function of hypothalamus
Control homeostasis
Behavioural drives : hunger, thrist
Influences autonomic function and endocrine function
What is the function of pituary gland
Hormones are regulated by hypothalamic neuro hormones
What is the function of pineal gland
Secretes melatonin
What is corpus collusum
The 2 hemisphere communicate with each other
What is the 3 parts of gray matter of the brain
Cerebral cortex
Basal ganglia
limbic system
Eats is the function of basal ganglia
Control movembt
What is the function of limbic system
Link between cognitive functions and emotions
What is the parts of the limbic system and explain their functions
Amygdala and cingulate gyrus: emotion and memory
Hippocampus: learning and memory
What is the part of white matter
Bundles of fibers
What is the function of bundles of fibers
Connect different regions of the brain to communicate with each other and transfer information from one hemisphere to other by corpus callousness
What is the brain function
1) sensory system ( monitor and reflex )
2) cognitive system ( voluntary response)
3) behavioural state system ( governs sleep wake cycle)
Cerebral cortex is organized into functional Areas
1) sensory area
2) motor area
3) association areas
Ce verbal lateralization
Right and left hemisphere has different functions
The motor system governs output form CNS
1) skeletal muscle movement
2) neuroendocrine signals
3) visceral response
What is the function of the behaviour state
Control levels of conciousness and sleep wake cycle
Why do we sleep
Good for memory and immune response
What are the 4 stages of sleep
N1 N2 N3 - non REM sleep
Rapid eye movement - REM sleep
What is special about the N3 sleep
It is the feel sleep, it has a high amplitude and a low fréquency. During this phase the body positions is un conscious
What is the REM sleep
Low amplitude high fréquence.
Brain activity inhibits motor neuron to skeletal Muscle paralysis and dream takes place
One complete cycle takes how much time
1-2 h
Primary clock
Located in the seprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus
What is the 2 functions of learning
Associative learning and non associative learning
Explain associative learning
Occurs when 2 stimulus are associated with each other
What is non associative learning
change in behaviour after repeated exposure to a single stimulus
What is the 2 parts of non associative learning
Habituation and sensitization
Explain habituation or non associative learning
Habituation is that you have a lower réponse to an irrelevant stimulus that is repeated over and over again
Explain sensitization of non associative learning
Exposure to noxious or intense stimulus causes an enhanced response upon subsequent exposure
What is memory
Ability to retain and recall information
What is short term, working memory and long term memory
Short term: memory disappears eight away unless an effort is made
Working memory : it keeps information long enough to put them in use in a task
Long term memory : capable of holding a vast amount of information
What is long term memory with consolidation
Process that converts short memory into a long term one
What is reflexive memory and declarative memory
Reflexive : automatic does not require conscious attention
Declarative : require attention to recall
Spoken language involves 2 regions
Wernicks area - understand language
Broca’s area - produce speech
