Lecture 1 1/23/24

Question 1

How does a primary derm lesion differ from a secondary derm lesion?

Answer 1

primary:
-represents the disease process itself
secondary:
-consequence of the primary lesion

Question 2

What is a macule/patch?

Answer 2

flat color change

Question 3

What are the disease processes that can result in macules?

Answer 3

-hyperpigmentation
-vasodilation
-vasculitis

Question 4

What is a papule?

Answer 4

a palpable, infiltrative lesion

Question 5

What are the diseases processes that can result in papules?

Answer 5

-pyoderma
-demodicosis
-dermatophytosis

Question 6

What is a pustule?

Answer 6

small raised lesion containing pus

Question 7

What are the disease processes that can result in pustules?

Answer 7

-pyoderma
-pemphigus

Question 8

What is a vesicle/bulla?

Answer 8

circular lesion containing clear fluid

Question 9

What is the disease process that can result in vesicles/bullas?

Answer 9

blistering diseases

Question 10

What is a wheal?

Answer 10

a raised immediate edema

Question 11

What are the disease processes that can result in wheals?

Answer 11

-urticaria/hives/type 1 hypersensitivity
-vasculitis

Question 12

What is a nodule?

Answer 12

massive infiltration of cells

Question 13

What are the disease processes that can result in nodules?

Answer 13

-neoplasia
-inflammation

Question 14

What is a tumor?

Answer 14

neoplastic enlargement

Question 15

What is a cyst?

Answer 15

cavity of fluid or solid material

Question 16

Which lesions are primary lesions?

Answer 16

-macule
-papule
-pustule
-vesicle/bulla
-wheal
-nodule
-tumor
-cyst

Question 17

Which lesions are secondary lesions?

Answer 17

-epidermal collarettes
-crust
-scar
-excoriation
-erosion
-ulcer
-lichenification
-fissure
-callus

Question 18

What is an epidermal collarette?

Answer 18

circular rim of scale

Question 19

What is the disease process that can result in epidermal collarettes?

Answer 19

staphylococcal pyoderma

Question 20

What is crust?

Answer 20

dried serum, pus, and/or cells

Question 21

What are the disease processes that can result in crust?

Answer 21

-previous pustules
-erosions
-ulcers

Question 22

What is a scar?

Answer 22

fibrosis replacing dermis

Question 23

What are the disease processes that can result in scarring?

Answer 23

prior trauma/disease/wound

Question 24

What is excoriation?

Answer 24

linear epidermal removal

Question 25

What is the disease process that results in excoriation?

Answer 25

self-trauma

Question 26

What is erosion?

Answer 26

non-continuous epidermis

Question 27

What are the disease processes that can result in erosion?

Answer 27

-self-trauma -immune-mediated

Question 28

What is an ulcer?

Answer 28

area in which most of the epidermis is missing

Question 29

What are the disease processes that can result in ulceration?

Answer 29

self-trauma -immune-mediated

Question 30

What is lichenification?

Answer 30

thickened hyperplastic skin

Question 31

What are the disease processes that can result in lichenification?

Answer 31

-chronic inflammation -self-trauma

Question 32

What is a fissure?

Answer 32

damaged epidermis in a linear pattern

Question 33

What are the disease processes that can result in a fissure?

Answer 33

-trauma -other disease

Question 34

What is a callus?

Answer 34

boney prominence and/or plaque

Question 35

What are the disease processes that can result in a callus?

Answer 35

-chronic pressure -poor healing

Question 36

Which lesions can be primary or secondary lesions?

Answer 36

-alopecia -scale -follicular casts -hyperpigmentation -hypopigmentation -comedo/comedones

Question 37

What is alopecia?

Answer 37

hair not growing back/hair falling out

Question 38

When is alopecia primary vs. secondary?

Answer 38

primary: non-inflammatory; endocrine or genetic secondary: inflammatory; patient scratches out

Question 39

What is scale?

Answer 39

loose pieces of keratinized skin/seborrhea

Question 40

When is scale primary vs. secondary?

Answer 40

primary: cornification disorder secondary: any inflammation

Question 41

What are follicular casts?

Answer 41

concretions of surface and follicular debris

Question 42

When are follicular casts primary vs. secondary?

Answer 42

primary: sebaceous adenitis secondary: inflammation

Question 43

What is hyperpigmentation?

Answer 43

overproduction of melanin

Question 44

When is hyperpigmentation secondary?

Answer 44

post-inflammation

Question 45

What is hypopigmentation?

Answer 45

loss of melanin production

Question 46

When is hypopigmentation primary vs. secondary?

Answer 46

primary: vitiligo secondary: post-inflammation

Question 47

What are comedones?

Answer 47

plugged, dilated follicles

Question 48

When are comedones primary vs. secondary?

Answer 48

primary: keratinization disorder secondary: folliculitis

Question 49

How does a macule differ from a patch?

Answer 49

-macule is less than 1cm -patch is greater than 1cm

Question 50

How does a papule differ from a plaque?

Answer 50

-papule is less than 1cm -plaque is greater than 1cm

Question 51

How does a vesicle differ from a bulla?

Answer 51

-vesicle is less than 1cm -bulla is greater than 1 cm

Question 52

Where should samples be taken when dealing with epidermal collarettes?

Answer 52

underneath the edge/lip

Question 53

How does the distribution differ in pyoderma vs. pemphigus?

Answer 53

-pyoderma causes crusting just on the trunk -pemphigus causes crusting all over the body

Question 54

Which layers of tissue does an ulcer go through?

Answer 54

epidermis and dermis

Question 55

What is the therapeutic plan based on?

Answer 55

-diagnosis -clinical signs -presenting complaint

Question 56

Which components of signalment are important for derm?

Answer 56

-age -breed -sex -color

Question 57

What should be gathered during a derm history?

Answer 57

-progression/changes in condition -chronological information on condition