Lecture 1 Flashcards
(13 cards)
What does normative ethics ask?
Which general moral norms should we use to guide and evaluate conduct, and why?
What is a moral virtue?
A dispositional trait of character that is morally valuable and reliably present in a person
What are the 2 components of moral virtue?
An objective quality in a person (e.g. character trait)
A general approval of this quality by others.
What is deontology?
Not driven by personal gain,
Act only in accordance with that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.”
What. is utilitarianism?
Moral value determined by outcome of an action.
What are the 4 key ethical principles?
Non-maleficence (do no harm to others)
Beneficence (do good)
Autonomy (‘self rule’ right to make own choices)
Justice (fair distribution of benefits, risks and costs)
What is non-maleficence?
First, do no harm and avoid the causation of harm.
What is the hippocratic oath?
I will use treatment to help the sick according to my ability and judgement, but I will never use it to injure or wrong them
What is beneficence?
To do good
What are examples of beneficence?
Actions that promote well being in others.
Moral duty on health professionals to act in an emergency.
Providing benefits against risks and costs of treatment or taking part in research.
What is justice?
To be fair
What is autonomy?
The rights of self
What are the 3 pillars of autonomy?
Intention
Understanding
Absence of controlling influences
