Lecture 1

Question 1

Midsagittal

Answer 1

Brain cut directly in half (left/right)

Question 2

Sagital

Answer 2

Brain cut left and right

Question 3

Coronal

Answer 3

Brain cut back/front

Question 4

Horizontal

Answer 4

Brain cut top/bottom

Question 5

Dorsal

Answer 5

Towards top of brain

Question 6

Rostral

Answer 6

Towards front of brain

Question 7

Caudal

Answer 7

Towards back of brain

Question 8

Ventral

Answer 8

Towards bottom of brain

Question 9

Central Nervous System

Answer 9

Parts of nervous system encased in bone

• Brain
• Spinal cord

Question 10

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 10

Parts not encased in bone

• Inner ear (hair cells)
• Sensory neurons in hand
• Many others

Question 11

Spinal Cord

Answer 11

• Sends motor signals to body
• Receives sensory information from the body
• Responsible for some reflexes

Question 12

Brainstem

Answer 12

-Necessary for basic survival functions such as automatic breathing

Question 13

Diencephalon

Answer 13

• Thalamus

- Hypothalamus

Question 14

Thalamus

Answer 14

Major relay for sensorimotor information

Question 15

Hypothalamus

Answer 15

Regulates body temperature, blood volume, hunger and thirst, “set point”, reproduction, and circadian rhythms

Question 16

Cerebellum

Answer 16

Important for

• Balance
• Timing
• Coordination of fine motor skills

Question 17

Frontal Lobe

Answer 17

• Responsible for inhibition/self-control
• Last part of brain to develop
• Large consumer of (oxygenated blood)
  
  • Disproportionately affected by intoxicants in the blood

Question 18

Occipital Lobe

Answer 18

Primarily involved in vision

Question 19

Temporal Lobe

Answer 19

Important for

• Audition
• Memory
• Speech Perception
• Olfaction

Question 20

Parietal Lobe

Answer 20

Involved in

• Spatial orientation
• Cross-modal integration
• Somatic sensation

Question 21

Grey Matter

Answer 21

Contains cell bodies, dendrites, and portions of axons

Question 22

White matter

Answer 22

contains myelinated axons

Question 23

Myelin

Answer 23

• Comes from glial (support cells)

- It wraps around the axon and speeds up the transmission of signals down the axon

Question 24

General Properties

Answer 24

• Bilateral anatomic symmetry
• Unilateral functional differences
• Contralateral sensorimotor control
• Topographical organization

Question 25

Change Matters

Answer 25

- Sensory systems generally respond most to change - Sensory neurons will fire repeatedly when there is something new and fire less or not at all after a prolonged period without a change in input

Question 26

Plasticity

Answer 26

The brain is able to reorganize - Particularly true for the cortex, less true for more primitive structures - Plasticity is greater at a younger age

Question 27

Blind Sight

Answer 27

- The inability to consciously see - Patients report they have no vision - They are able to navigate a room with obstacles - They are able to orient their hand to match a line on a board - This results from damage to the primary visual cortex

Question 28

Anterograde (episodic) amnesia

Answer 28

- The inability to form new memories - H.M. is the most famous case - Results from damage to the hippocampus - Patients are able to learn new skills such as mirror drawing - there are multiple types of memories (episodic, procedural, and declarative) - Patients can remember things from before the damage - Old memories are not stored in the hippocampus

Question 29

Prosopagnosia

Answer 29

- The inability to recognize faces | - Results from damage to the right fusiform gyrus (part of the brain activated by faces)

Question 30

Phantom Limb Syndrome

Answer 30

- Occurs after amputation | - Person feels pain in limb that is no longer there