Lecture 1 Flashcards
How does the immune system affect our life in a good way?
-Protects us from many infectious disease
-Protects against cancer by tumor surveillance
How does the immune system affect our life in a bad way?
-Autoimmune disease: Response to self (no cure)
-Hypersensitivity Diseases: Allergy
-Transplantation: our body rejects transplant
-Heart Disease: arterial inflammation
-Neurological Diseases: ALzheimer/OCD
What is the role of the immune system?
To recognize Self vs Non-self (foreign ) substances
What is an immune response
Collective and coordinated response to a foreign substance
True or false: Mechanisms that eliminate pathogens do not cause tissue damage
False
-Many immune responses causes damage to tissues
-Ex: fever
What is a primary response?
Immune system response to 1st pathogen encounter
What is secondary response?
Immune response to a pathogen that has infected before
-Response has memory cells
-faster elimination
What are the 4 classes of pathogens that our immune system is up against?
1.Parasites
2. Fungus
3. Bacteria
4. Viruses
What is virulence?
The relative ability to do damage
-The more virulent a pathogen = more damage
True or false: Pathogens are selected to be destructive and cause damage/illness
False
-Pathogens are selected to maximize replication and transmission
What happens if a pathogen is too virulent?
The host will die and the pathogen cannot replicate
-Fewer hosts = less pathogen transmission
-More hosts = more pathogen transmission
Innate immunity
Immediate response
-All animals vertebrates/invertebrates/plants
-All cells in body, not just immune cells
-Limited specificity in recognizing pathogens
-Takes generations to evolve
Adaptive Immunity
Specialized immune cells B and T lymphocytes
-Only exists in vertebrate animals
-Slow response–>picks correct B & T cells for appropriate response
-Long lasting protection
-Highly specific response to unique parts of pathogens
-Changes in a lifetime not generations
What are the differences between Innate and Adaptive Immunity?
1.Innate is fast response, adaptive is slow but long lasting
2. Innate is in all types of cells and vertebrates/invertebrates/plants, adaptive is only in vertebrate animals and only in B & T cells
3. Innate is less specific in recognizing pathogens, adaptive is highly specific response to pathogen parts
4. Innate takes generations to evolve b/c encoded in germline, while adaptive changes in a-lifetime since it adapts through gene rearrangement
All of the cells of the immune system originate from where and what kind of cell?
From the bone marrow
-Hematopoietic stem cell
