Lecture 1

Question 1

4 general things nutrition affects

Answer 1

Animal Performance

Meat Quality

Ability of animals to fight disease

Profitability

Question 2

What is nutrition?

Answer 2

The science of how nutrients in the feed are utilized and converted into animal products

Question 3

5 functional components of plant and animal tissue?

Answer 3

Water

Carbohydrate

Lipid

Protein

Ash

Question 4

3 metabolic changes

Answer 4

Digestion

Absorption

Metabolism

Question 5

Where does digestion occur?

Answer 5

Lumen of small intestine

Question 6

How are end products of digestion absorbed into body?

Answer 6

Via blood and lymph vessels

Question 7

Define metabolism

Answer 7

Study of the changes which nutrients undergo between absorption and excretion as waste products

Question 8

5 parts of a good diet

Answer 8

Contain all the essential nutrients

Contain essential nutrients in correct amounts and proportions

Palatable

Economical

No toxic substances

Question 9

What is a nutrient

Answer 9

Something that an animal doesnt synthesize on its own.

Must come from diet

Changes from species to species

Question 10

6 classes of nutrients

Answer 10

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Vitamins

Minerals

Water

Question 11

What 3 classes of nutrients provide energy?

Answer 11

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Question 12

What must you minimize with feed sampling?

How?

Answer 12

Minimize the possiblity of alteration in feed composition during storage

2. Store in sealed containers

Freeze

Question 13

What is the most important series of chemical analysis used in nutritional studies?

Answer 13

Proximate Analysis

Question 14

What are the 6 proximate principals?

Answer 14

Moisture

Ash

Crude Protein

Ether Extract or Crude Fat (lipid)

Crude Fiber (Carbohydrate)

Nitrogen Free Extract (Carbohydrate)

Question 15

2 negatives of high water content in feed

Answer 15

Water acts as a diluent and reduces content of other nutrients

Effects storage capacity of feed (mold)

Question 16

What does ash content give an indication of?

Answer 16

Mineral content

Question 17

What is the procedure known as to determine crude protein?

Answer 17

Kjeldahl

Question 18

What does the kjeldahl or crude protein determination measure?

Answer 18

Nitrogen content

Question 19

What does kjedahl assume?

Answer 19

All protein contains 16% N

Question 20

What is extracted in ether extract?

Answer 20

Lipid components of feed

Question 21

Why is lipid important?

Answer 21

Provides 2.25 X the energy as carbs or proteins

Question 22

What will a high ether extract indicate about the feed?

Answer 22

High energy content

Question 23

Error in ether extract?

Answer 23

Measures terpines and waxes which are indigestible by animal

Question 24

What does high crude fiber indicate about feed?

Answer 24

Low energy content

Question 25

What does the determination of crude fiber try to mimic?

Answer 25

GI tract first acidic in stomach Then basic in small intestine

Question 26

What is an error during proximate analysis of silage?

Answer 26

Silage has high content of VFAs which evaporate with water, giving you a higher than actual water content

Question 27

What is a big short coming of Proximate analysis of feed?

Answer 27

Doesnt evaluate individual nutrients

Question 28

What is typically the 1st limiting a.a.?

Answer 28

Lysine

Question 29

4 steps in amino acid analyis

Answer 29

Hydrolysis Separation Detection Identification and Quantification

Question 30

3 Requirements of hydrolytic agent

Answer 30

Broad specificity Accessibility Non-Destructive

Question 31

3 Positively Charge R groups

Answer 31

Histidine Arginine Lysine

Question 32

2 Negatively Charged R groups

Answer 32

Aspartate Glutamate

Question 33

What is the nutritional value of a lipid source affected by?

Answer 33

Chain length Degree of Saturation