Tim 2 Flashcards

(28 cards)

1
Q

6 Major Macro Minerals

A

Cl

P

Na

Mg

K

Ca

Clarence, please no more killing cats

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2
Q

What forage contains high Ca content?

A

Alfalfa

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3
Q

4 things which lead to Ca deficiency

A

Low [] Ca in feed

Low absorption efficiency of Ca

Vitamin D Defficiency

Abnormal Ca:P ratio

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4
Q

2 symptoms of Ca deficiency?

A

Rickets

Osteoporosis

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5
Q

3 ways of preventing milk fever

A

Upregulate Ca homeostatic mechanisms

Feed low Ca diets in dry period

Acidify diet during dry period by feeding anionic salts

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6
Q

2 effects of Ca toxicity

A

Soft tissue calcification

Excess mineralization leading to osteopetrosis

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7
Q

4 function of P?

A

Bone mineralization

Nucleotide/nucleoside phosphates

Phosphoproteins

Regulation of acid-base balance

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8
Q

What is phytic acid?

A

Source of organic P

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9
Q

Enviro Pig

A

Produces phytase salivary glands

No need to include mineral phosphate supplement or commercialy produced phytase

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10
Q

Affects of P deficiency?

A

Similar to Ca

Poor fertiilty

Pica - consume dirt, chew on pen materials, bones

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11
Q

P toxicity

A

Bone resorption

Kidney Stones

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12
Q

Problems with Mg deficiency

A

Interferes with function of CNS

Grass Tetany

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13
Q

Uses of K

A

Principal cation of ICF

Contractility of smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscle

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14
Q

How does hyperkalemia cause milk fever?

A

Excess K = Diets are too alkaline = shuts down hoemostatic regulation = interference with Ca homeostasis

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15
Q

Sulfur toxicity

A

Reduces copper availability and destroys thiamin

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16
Q

Major Micro minerals

A

Mn - Manganese

Mo - Molybdeneum

Cr - Chromium

Cu

Fe

Zn

Se

I

My mom cant cook for zoo sized indian

17
Q

3 Functions of iron

A

Hb and Myoglobin

Peroxidases

Oxidoreductases

18
Q

Transport and storage form of Fe

A

Transferin is transport form of Fe

Ferritin is major storage form

19
Q

Competition between host and bacteria for Fe

A

Lactoferrin binds Fe to make it unavailable for bacteria - found in milk, saliva, tears

Bacteria produce siderophores - Fe binding proteins

20
Q

Most common symptom of Fe deficiency

A

Anemia - lethargy, paleness, shortness of breath, poor growth

21
Q

What animals are most susceptibel to Fe deficiency?

A

Piglets

  • Low stores of Fe at birth
  • Sow’s milk low in Fe
  • High growth rate means high Fe requirement
22
Q

Iodine deficiency

A

Goiter

Cretinism - stunted physical, mental growth

23
Q

4 functions of Copper

A

Ceruloplasmin - oxidizes Fe2+ to Fe3+

Necessary for transfer of iron from tissue

Collagen - Cu is co-factor for the enzyme involved in cross-linking of collagen

Pigmentation - Cu required for melanin production

24
Q

3 affects of Cu deficincy

A

Anemia

Depigmentation of skin and hair

Swayback or enzootic neonatal ataxia in lambs, calves

25
3 functions of Se?
Co-factor for glutahtione peroxidase Thioredoxin reductase - inhibits apoptosis Selenoproteins
26
3 affects of Se deficiency
White muscle disease - infiltration of muscle tissue with CT Mulbery heart disease - pigs develop malformed heart Stiff lamb disease
27
what is the most toxic mineral?
Se
28
Functions of Chromium
Exists in several oxidation states Potentiates aciont of insulin Promotes anabolic activity