Lecture 1

Question 1

What is the cerebral cortex

Answer 1

A region of gray matter that forms the outer layer of the cerebrum

Question 2

What is the cerebrum

Answer 2

top area of the brain

Question 3

How thick is the cerebral cortex

Answer 3

2-4mm

Question 4

What is the arrangement of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 4

it contains billions of neurons arranged in layers

Question 5

What are gyri

Answer 5

folds of the cerebral cortex

Question 6

What are fissures

Answer 6

deepest grooves between folds

Question 7

What are sulci

Answer 7

lower grooves between folds

Question 8

How are the cerebral hemispheres connected

Answer 8

by the corpus callosum

Question 9

What is the longitudinal fissure

Answer 9

the most prominent fissure which separates the cerebrum into right and left into cerebral hemispheres

Question 10

What are the different lobes in the cerebrum

Answer 10

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Question 11

how are the frontal and parietal lobes separated

Answer 11

by the central sulcus

Question 12

where is the primary motor area of the cerebral cortex located

Answer 12

precental gyrus

Question 13

where is the primary sensory area of the cerebral cortex located

Answer 13

postcentral gyrus

Question 14

how are the frontal and temporal lobes separated

Answer 14

by the lateral sylvian fissure

Question 15

how are the parietal and occipital lobes separated

Answer 15

by the parieto-occipital sulcus

Question 16

What is the insula

Answer 16

a fifth part of the cerebrum that cannot be seen

Question 17

What is before the preoccipital lobe

Answer 17

pre-occipital notch

Question 18

What are the areas associated with reading and writing and are they found in the same area?

Answer 18

Supramarginal gyrus and the angular gyrus and they are not because writing is often interpreted differently when read

Question 19

What is the premotor planning cortex?

Answer 19

Communicates information to the rest of the brain, coordinates movement and plans it

Question 19

What is the function of the precentral gyrus/ primary motor cortex?

Answer 19

It contains all the large pyramidal/motor neurons whos axons go down the spinal cord. These conduct movement

Question 20

What is the frontal association cortex

Answer 20

Intelligence, personality, mood, behaviour, cognitive function

Question 21

What is the primary auditory cortex and where is it found

Answer 21

It is found in the temporal lobe within the lateral sylvian fissure, it is involved in receiving sound and organising them into tones

Question 22

What is Wernickes area

Answer 22

It interprets tones for understanding and is often referred to as the secondary cortical area

Question 23

What is the temporal association area

Answer 23

Rest of the temporal lobe involved in memory, mood, aggression and intelligence

Question 24

What is the features and functions of the postcentral gyrus/primary sensory cortex

Answer 24

it receives sensory information and is made of granule cells

Question 25

What is the parietal association cortex

Answer 25

Spatial skills, 3D recognition (shapes, faces, concepts, abstract perception)

Question 26

Where is the primary visual cortex and what does it do

Answer 26

It is located at the occipital pole and is involved in receiving visual information from eyes

Question 27

Where is the secondary visual cortex and what does it do

Answer 27

It interprets the visual information received from the primary cortex and is located in the lower occipital lobe

Question 28

What is the purpose of brocas area

Answer 28

plans speech

Question 29

how is brocas area and wernicks area connected

Answer 29

via the arcuate fasciculus

Question 30

What type of aphasia is associated with deformities in brocas area and what are the symptoms

Answer 30

Non fluent/motor aphasia, people would find it difficult to say the right words

Question 31

What type of aphasia is associated with deformities in Wernickes area and what are the symptoms

Answer 31

Fluent/sensory aphasia, someone can speak well but doesn't make sense

Question 32

What is connectional aphasia?

Answer 32

When there is deformities in the arcuate fasciculus, characterised by a poor ability to repeat sentences

Question 33

what are the three sections of the brain

Answer 33

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

Question 34

What is the cingulate gyrus

Answer 34

an arch-shaped convolution situated just above the corpus callosum, it is involved in processing emotions and behaviour regulation

Question 35

what is the central part of the brain filled with

Answer 35

ventricles, so it's fluid filled

Question 36

What does the hindbrain consist of

Answer 36

pons and medulla

Question 37

What is the non dominant hemisphere associated with

Answer 37

non verbal language, emotional expression, spatial skills, conceptual understanding, artistic/musical skills

Question 38

what are the effects of injury on the non dominant hemisphere associated with

Answer 38

loss of non verbal language, speech will lack emotion, spatial disorientation, inability to recognise familiar language, loss of musical appreciation