LECTURE 1

Question 1

horizontal axis on a phylogenetic/evolutionary tree

Answer 1

morphological or genetic divergence

Question 2

vertical axis on a phylogenetic/evolutionary tree

Answer 2

time component

Question 3

systematics (taxonomy)

Answer 3

documenting diversity and developing natural classifications that reflect evolutionary history

Question 4

aim of building the tree of life

Answer 4

construct a monophyletic group

Question 5

monophyletic group

Answer 5

group of species + descendants and ancestors

Question 6

what is a monophyletic group usually based on?

Answer 6

observed similarities amon body plans and phylogenies
process assumes greater biological similarity = closer biological relation

Question 7

classification process

Answer 7

1. similar anatomical features that appear to have the same function as those found in other species
2. determine whether similarities are due to independent evolutionary development or descent from a common ancestor

Question 8

3 related processes in classification and building trees

Answer 8

biological
phylogenetic
homologies

Question 9

biological classification

Answer 9

linnean system

based on similarity of body plan, structures, morphology etc

artificial apparent classification

identifies ranked groups

represented as treesand dendograms

Question 10

phylogenetic classification

Answer 10

systematics/taxonomy

no ranked groups

shows evolutionary relationships
between organism and ancestors

natural classification

generates dendograms

Question 11

identifying homologies

Answer 11

comparative biology examines CHARACTERS to identify which are homologous

Question 12

biological classifications purpose

Answer 12

seeks similarity, a comon ground plan that connects all species within the same taxon

Question 13

phylogenetic classifications purpose

Answer 13

organisms grouped according to degree of shared similarity carried forward from ancestors to their descendants

Question 14

t6