LECTURE 2 - SPECIES CONCEPTS AND BODY PLAN

Question 1

SPECIATION

Answer 1

occurs when a group within a species separates from
other members of its species and develops its own unique characteristics over evolutionary
time, until they are different enough to be classified as their own species.

Question 2

Population

Answer 2

a group of conspecific individuals that commonly form a breeding unit and which shares the same habitat at one time

Question 3

Biological species concept

Answer 3

a group of interbreeding, or potentially interbreeding, natural populations that are reproductively isolated from
other such groups, even if they are phenotypically similar to them

Question 4

reproductive isolation

Answer 4

Changes to sperm or even mating behaviour can be different
enough that reproduction (interbreeding) is no longer possible between
groups

Question 5

Evolutionary species concept

Answer 5

a single lineage of ancestor-descendent
populations that maintains its identity separate from other such lineages and
that has it own evolutionary tendencies and historical fate

Question 6

evolutionary species concept

Answer 6

a single lineage of ancestor-descendent
populations that maintains its identity separate from other such lineages and
that has it own evolutionary tendencies and historical fate

Question 7

animal life requires that what functions are carried out

Answer 7

Acquire, digest and metabolise food and distribute the products of
digestion throughout its body;

Obtain and respire oxygen,

Get rid of undigested material and other metabolic wastes

Question 8

the bauplan concept

Answer 8

a common structural plan in a monophyletic taxon

Question 9

what is the body plan

Answer 9

a suite of characters shared by a group of phylogenetically related animals at some point during their development

Question 10

what is the function of the bauplan

Answer 10

determines major constraints that operate at both the organismic and the
organ system levels

Question 11

constraints imposed by animal bauplans

Answer 11

animal cell size
exchange of substances with the environments
movement or locomotion
feeding
habitat/environment

Question 12

hox genes (homeotic genes)

Answer 12

control the body plan of an embryo along the head-tail axis

Question 13

example of similar mechanisms in humans and fish

Answer 13

lateral line of fish - sense organ of microscopic pores used to detect movement and vibration in surrounding water

inner ear of humans -hair bundles within the crista allow us to sense our own body movements