Lecture 1

Question 1

What are the behvioural characteristics of sleep

Answer 1

1. species-specific posture
2. decrease response to sensory stimulation
3. decrease motor activity
4. reversibility
5. homeostatically regulated

Question 2

polysomnography

Answer 2

recording brain electrical activity and other physiological changes during sleep

Question 3

recording brain electrical activity and other physiological changes during sleep

Answer 3

polysomnography

Question 4

polysomnography involves 3 parts

Answer 4

EEG; EOG; EMG

Question 5

EEG

Answer 5

recording of “brain waves”; electrodes placed on scalp

Question 6

EOG

Answer 6

Recording of eye movements; electrodes placed adjacent to eyes

Question 7

EMG

Answer 7

Recording of muscle activity; electrodes placed onto jaw muscles

Question 8

what else is recorded during polysomnography

Answer 8

HR, resp, O2 sat, leg movement

Question 9

who discovered EEG in humans

Answer 9

Hans Berger

Question 10

describe the 10/20 system of electrode

Answer 10

standard set of placements for electrodes on scalp; electrodes spaced at 10% or 20% distances between anatomical skull landmarks

Question 11

what are the two skull landmarks

Answer 11

Nasion; Inion

Question 12

Nasion landmark

Answer 12

between the forehead and nose

Question 13

Inion landmark

Answer 13

bump at back of skull

Question 14

Region of head are named for the

Answer 14

underlying lobes, with the exception of C (central lobe)

Question 15

Numbers in EEG describe the

Answer 15

Hemisphere

Question 16

EEG odd numbers are where

Answer 16

left side

Question 17

EEG even numbers are on the

Answer 17

right side

Question 18

EEG number Z means X placement

Answer 18

midline

Question 19

Each trace of the EEG is the voltage difference between

Answer 19

2 electrodes across time

Question 20

frequency expressed in

Answer 20

hertz, hz

Question 21

amplitude expressed in

Answer 21

uV (height)

Question 22

frequency and amplitude are related how

Answer 22

inversely

Question 23

two means of mathematical analysis of EEG waves

Answer 23

fourier; power spectrum

Question 24

fourier analysis

Answer 24

decomposes the complex waveform of the EEG into a series of simple sine waves of different frequencies

Question 25

power spectrum

Answer 25

the relative contributions of different frequencies to a waveform is quantified by their relative power

Question 26

EEG is the sum of what

Answer 26

excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials of cortical pyrimidal neurons under the electrode

Question 27

amplitude of EEG depends on

Answer 27

how synchronous the activity of the pyrimidal neurons is

Question 28

machine learning

Answer 28

learn to imagine moving arm to control robotic arm using eeg

Question 29

sleep state: wakefulness

Answer 29

eyes open and alert

Question 30

EEG during wakefulness

Answer 30

low amplitude, high frequency (activted)

Question 31

What type of waves are seen during wakefulness

Answer 31

beta waves <13 Hz; Gamma waves (30-90 Hz), alpha waves (8-12 hz)

Question 32

gamma waves occur during

Answer 32

perception, attention, learning

Question 33

gamma waves look like

Answer 33

high emg activity

Question 34

alpha waves look like

Answer 34

higher amplitude, slower frequency

Question 35

when eyes closed and relaxed during wakefulness what wavesare seen a

Answer 35

alpha waves

Question 36

3 stages of NREM sleep

Answer 36

N1, N2, N3, increasing 1-3

Question 37

Stage N1 NREM

Answer 37

transitional; low amplitude with mixed frequency, slow rolling eye movements, low muscle tone, slow resp/HR

Question 38

Waves observed during stage N1

Answer 38

Theta (4-8 hz)