Lecture 1 Part 2

Question 1

Stage N2 NREM

Answer 1

low amplitude, mixed frequency ; slow rolling eye movement; low EMG activity; light sleep that can be awakened easily

Question 2

sleep spindles are observed in

Answer 2

stage N2

Question 3

what is a sleep spindle

Answer 3

8-13 hz lasting 0.5-1.5 sec

Question 4

k complexes are observed in

Answer 4

stage N2 NREM

Question 5

k complexes are

Answer 5

very high amplitude >0.5s, 1-3 per min; and occur spontaneously or may be evoked by auditory stimulation during sleep`

Question 6

spindles and k complexes indicate

Answer 6

information processing

Question 7

Stage 3 NREM also called

Answer 7

slow wave sleep

Question 8

stage 3 nrem eeg looks like

Answer 8

high amplitude, slow frequency, low EMG

Question 9

waves seen in NREM 3

Answer 9

delta (0.5-4 hz)

Question 10

what is used as an index of sleep depth / intensity

Answer 10

delta waves

Question 11

deep sleep

Answer 11

nrem 3

Question 12

REM sleep also known as

Answer 12

paradoxical sleep

Question 13

EEG of REM sleep looks like

Answer 13

low amplitude, high frequency activated EEG (wake like)

Question 14

rem sleep presents as

Answer 14

rapid coordinated eye movements, atonia (low muscle tone), rapid, variable heart rate and resp

Question 15

two types of REM

Answer 15

phasic; tonic

Question 16

when awakened from REM, sunjects often

Answer 16

give detailed records of dreams; vivid; illogical, emotional

Question 17

dreams that occur during NREM are

Answer 17

less vivid, vague thoughts, logical

Question 18

who discovered rem sleep

Answer 18

aserinski & Kleitman

Question 19

arousal threshold testing for sleep involves

Answer 19

a series of sounds from 35-00dB to awaken subjects from different sleep stages

Question 20

the arousal threshold is defined as

Answer 20

lowest sound intensity required for behavioural arousal

Question 21

arousal threshold highest when

Answer 21

N3 and Phasic REM

Question 22

arousal threshold lowest when

Answer 22

N2 and tonic REM

Question 23

MUA Multiunit activity recording

Answer 23

recording of cortical neurons using extracellular recordings of action potentials from several neurons

Question 24

MUA is recorded using what

Answer 24

microwire array placed into cortex

Question 25

Cortical activity during wakefulness

Answer 25

High sustained tonic; irregular firing during wakefulness

Question 26

cortical activity during NREM sleep

Answer 26

Phasic firing during NREM sleep

Question 27

phasic firing during NREM involves

Answer 27

silent OFF periods; high tonic firing during ON periods;

Question 28

In phasic NREM firing, there is a close temporal relationship between

Answer 28

OFF periods and descending phase of EEG slow waves

Question 29

Higher amplitude slow waves are associated with

Answer 29

longer OFF periods

Question 30

cortical activity during REM sleep is

Answer 30

high tonic, irregular firing (wake like)

Question 31

During REM sleep, single neurons alternate between

Answer 31

UP (depol/increased firing) and DOWN (hyerpol/no firing) states

Question 32

How many sleep cycles in a night

Answer 32

4-5, 90-110min

Question 33

NREM early in the night is

Answer 33

deeper and longer N3

Question 34

Early in the night, REM is

Answer 34

short

Question 35

later in the night, REM does what and N2/3 does what

Answer 35

REM increases, N decrezes

Question 36

what is a hypnogram

Answer 36

c

Question 37

Physiological changes during REM sleep

Answer 37

increased and variable HR, rapid irregular breathing, erection/secretion