Lecture 1

Question 1

Seeks to understand how and why people change and remain the same over time; describes developmental landmarks in multiple domains

Answer 1

Human development

Question 2

What is wrong with the definition of “change over time?”

Answer 2

Lots of change is occurring around us and in us that is not a developmental change

Question 3

What are the 4 properties of change that constitute development?

Answer 3

Sequential, cumulative, irreversible, directional

Question 4

Natural order

Answer 4

Sequential

Question 5

Higher order than what we start with

Answer 5

Cumulative

Question 6

Upwards trajectory or downward trajectory

Answer 6

Directional

Question 7

A process with directional involving an increase in novelty and complexity

Answer 7

Development

Question 8

What are the 2 processes of development?

Answer 8

Differentiation, integration

Question 9

Development moves from general to specific, homogeneity to heterogeneity

Answer 9

Differentiation

Question 10

As a system differentiations in to more specific systems, these ____ with each other to form an integrated whole

Answer 10

integrate

Question 11

Conception to birth

Answer 11

Prenatal

Question 12

Birth to 2 years; physically immature and without speech

Answer 12

Infancy

Question 13

2 to 6 years; speaking and walking, can’t take care of their physical self

Answer 13

early childhood

Question 14

6 to 11 years; can take care of themselves and concrete thinking

Answer 14

middle childhood

Question 15

12 to 18 years; puberty

Answer 15

Adolescence

Question 16

18-25 to 65 years; financially and emotionally stable, independent

Answer 16

Adulthood

Question 17

65 years to death; cognitive decline and downward trajectory

Answer 17

Late adulthood

Question 18

Brain and body, genetics, nutrition, health, motor skills

Answer 18

Biosocial domain

Question 19

Thoughts, reasoning, language, hearing, memory

Answer 19

Cognitive domain

Question 20

Emotions, personality, social skills, family culture

Answer 20

Psychosocial domain

Question 21

What 2 domains of development go hand in hand?

Answer 21

Biological and social development

Question 22

What you are born with, innate potential, inheritance

Answer 22

Nature

Question 23

The environment you are born into, includes historical setting, culture, parents etc.

Answer 23

Nurture

Question 24

Refers to characteristics that are stable over time

Answer 24

Continuity

Question 25

Refers to characteristics that involve abrupt change

Answer 25

Discontinuity

Question 26

What is an example of discontinuity?

Answer 26

Language, concept development

Question 27

What is an example of continuity?

Answer 27

Biological sex

Question 28

Involves change in the amount, frequency, or magnitude

Answer 28

Quantitative change

Question 29

Change that involves changes in the kind or type

Answer 29

Qualitative

Question 30

Transforming experiences, attitudes, beliefs and other phenomena into numerical values and statistically analyze the data

Answer 30

Quantitative methodology

Question 31

Methods that are valuable in providing rich descriptions of complex phenomena

Answer 31

Qualitative methodology

Question 32

Observe and record some aspect of behavior in real world settings, high ecological validity, unobtrusive

Answer 32

Naturalistic observation

Question 33

Observe and record some aspect of behavior in a controlled environment, less validity

Answer 33

structure observation

Question 34

Ask parent to fill out survey, questionaire or poll on childs behavior, cognition, language, temperament, problem with validity

Answer 34

Parental report

Question 35

Involves asking very open-ended questions and following up on child's response, following child's train of thought while focusing on a specific question while not influencing the child's response

Answer 35

Clinical interview

Question 36

Involves asking very specific questions, trying to assess certain aspect of development, characteristics of interviewer can influence responses

Answer 36

Structured interview

Question 37

Measure two or more factors and assess degree of linear relationship, cannot establish causality

Answer 37

Correlational study

Question 38

Exercises some degree of experimental control, manipulate one or more independent variables and observe how the dependent variable changes as result

Answer 38

experimental study

Question 39

Collect information about individuals of various ages at the same time

Answer 39

Cross-sectional

Question 40

What are the advantages of cross sectional studies?

Answer 40

less time consuming, less expensive, less sample attrition, no practice effects,

Question 41

What are the disadvantages of cross sectional studies?

Answer 41

Cohort effect, can't study individual variation, harder to tap into processes which produce development

Question 42

Collect information about the same individuals over an extended period of time

Answer 42

Longitudinal

Question 43

What are the advantages of longitudinal studies?

Answer 43

no cohort effect, can study individual variation, easier to tap into processes which produce development

Question 44

What are the disadvantages of longitudinal studies?

Answer 44

More time consuming, more expensive, more sample attrition, practice effects

Question 45

Children shaping their own development early in life and their contributions increase as they get older

Answer 45

Active child

Question 46

How do individual differences arise?

Answer 46

Genes, environment, reactions to treatment, treatment by others