Lecture 14

Question 1

Complex, physical, social, economic, psychological process with medical, legal economic, and public health policy challenges

Answer 1

Aging

Question 2

Stereotyping and discriminating on basis of age

Answer 2

Ageism

Question 3

Where does ageism take place?

Answer 3

Health profession, caregivers and family

Question 4

Limited warranty, wears out with use

Answer 4

Wear and tear theory

Question 5

Accumulation of haphazard or random damage to cells and organs

Answer 5

Free radicals

Question 6

What are the 3 theories of aging?

Answer 6

wear and tear, genetics, cellular aging

Question 7

Mechanism in DNA regulates life, growth and death

Answer 7

Genetic theories

Question 8

Limit on cell division, stress, lack of exercise, obesity, and toxins can shorten telomeres

Answer 8

Cellular aging theory

Question 9

Humans and computers are viewed as information processing systems; information is processed as it moves through the system

Answer 9

Information processing theory

Question 10

What is the input according to the information processing theory?

Answer 10

sensory information

Question 11

What is the output according to the information processing theory?

Answer 11

decision or behavior

Question 12

What are the 3 structures of the information processing theory?

Answer 12

sensory, short term, long term memory

Question 13

Initial registration, briefly retains large amounts of information in milliseconds

Answer 13

Sensory memory

Question 14

What must happen to sensory memory for it to become short term memory?

Answer 14

Paying attention

Question 15

Capacity is smaller but last longer (seconds), holds info long enough to work with it

Answer 15

Short term memory

Question 16

Combining info coming into sensory memory with info stored in long term memory and transforming it into new forms

Answer 16

working memory

Question 17

What is the capacity of working memory?

Answer 17

3-7 chunks

Question 18

How long is working memory

Answer 18

15-30 seconds

Question 19

Applying cognitive information to short term memory

Answer 19

Long-term storage

Question 20

What is the capacity of long term memory?

Answer 20

Limitless

Question 21

How long is long term memory?

Answer 21

Limitless, indefinitely

Question 22

What happens to sensory memory in late adulthood?

Answer 22

not as sharp

Question 23

What happens to working memory in late adulthood?

Answer 23

Information from sensory storage is degraded, processing speed slows

Question 24

What happens to long term memory in late adulthood?

Answer 24

Declarative and recall memory declines, procedural and recognition memory stay intact

Question 25

Memory available to conscious awareness

Answer 25

Declarative

Question 26

Implicit, not available to conscious awareness

Answer 26

Procedural

Question 27

Remembering to do stuff

Answer 27

Prospective memory

Question 28

What is the difference in prospective memory for late adulthood in a natural vs. lab setting?

Answer 28

Lab setting: may not have good prospective memory | Natural: Late adulthood does better in natural setting

Question 29

How do you transition from short term memory to long term memory?

Answer 29

Rehearsal

Question 30

Rates of NCD increase with every decade after ___ years

Answer 30

70

Question 31

What is the number 1 symptom of NCD's?

Answer 31

memory loss

Question 32

Most common NCD, destroys ability to send and receive messages

Answer 32

Alzheimer's

Question 33

Clumps of beta amyloid protein surrounding the neuron

Answer 33

Plaques

Question 34

Twisted mass of tau protein within the neuron

Answer 34

Tangles

Question 35

What type of memory erodes in Alzheimer's?

Answer 35

Working memory

Question 36

___-___% of cognitively normal elders had plaques and tangles at autopsy

Answer 36

20-30

Question 37

Why is the Nun Study the best study for finding the causes of Alzheimer's?

Answer 37

Longitudinal study, daily diaries written around 22 years old, equivalent diet and other environmental factors

Question 38

Gene that has been linked to Alzheimer's; more likely to develop the NCD

Answer 38

APOE 4

Question 39

___% of those with Alzheimer's had low linguistic ability earlier in life

Answer 39

90

Question 40

____% of those without Alzheimer's also had low linguistic ability earlier in life

Answer 40

13

Question 41

Low linguistically ability early in life could be a subtle symptom of very early changes that ultimately lead to disease

Answer 41

Neurocognitive reserve

Question 42

Temporary obstruction of blood vessels in brain; 2nd most common NCD

Answer 42

Vascular NCD

Question 43

Blurred vision, weak, paralyzed limbs slurred speech, confusion

Answer 43

At time symptoms of vascular NCD

Question 44

Progressive loss of intellectual functioning

Answer 44

Long run symptoms of vascular NCD

Question 45

What is the difference between Alzheimer's and vascular NCD symptomology?

Answer 45

Alzheimer's is a steady decline while vascular NCD is a suddenly worse, improve somewhat, then experience another loss

Question 46

Areas that regulate emotions and social behavior deteriorate

Answer 46

Prefrontal cortex and amygdala

Question 47

Emotional and personality changes that progress very quickly

Answer 47

Frontal lobe disorders

Question 48

Starts with motor control impairment

Answer 48

Parkinson's disease

Question 49

What are ways to treat NCD?

Answer 49

Stem cell therapy, surgery and medicine to prevent stroke

Question 50

What are ways to prevent NCD?

Answer 50

Exercise, nutrition, social interaction, mental exercise