Lecture 1

Question 1

green chemistry:

Answer 1

the parctice of inherently safer and more environmentally friendly chemical science

Question 2

environmental science:

Answer 2

the science of the complex interactions that occur aong the terrestrial, atmospheric, aquatic, living and anthropological systems that compose earth and the surroundings that may affect living things.

Question 3

example of a sink:

Answer 3

limestne wall may be a sink for atmospheric sulfic acid by conversion of CaCO3 in limestone into CaSO4-

Question 4

substances that tend to be transported to the atmosphere are those that are relatively ———–

Answer 4

voltaile like NO and CO

Question 5

diffusiv transport:

Answer 5

molecular diffusion, move from regions of high to low concentrations

Question 6

absorption:

Answer 6

within body of material

Question 7

after a pollutant is released from a source it may act upon a receptor, what is that?

Answer 7

anything that is effected by the pollutant.

Question 8

physical transport:

Answer 8

movement without reacting or interacting with other phases

Question 9

advection:

Answer 9

movement of massess of fluid that simply carry pollutants with them

Question 10

E=

Answer 10

hv (h being plancks constant being 6.63 x10^-34 Js)

Question 11

biogeochemical cycles:

Answer 11

decribe the interchange of matter and energy among the various environmental spheres.

Question 12

reactivity:

Answer 12

including chemical or biochemical reactions or physical interactions with other phases

Question 13

adsorption:

Answer 13

onto material surface

Question 14

water covers about –% of the earths surface and of that –& of that is oceans

Answer 14

70/97

Question 15

what are the parts of the geosphere?

Answer 15

composed of a solid, iron-rich inner core, a molten out core, mantle and the crust.

Question 16

where do humans live on in the geosphere?

Answer 16

the crust

Question 17

vertical advection of air or water is called ————-

Answer 17

convection

Question 18

what does the atmosphere transport?

Answer 18

water from ocean to land

Question 19

what is the soil water partition co-efficient Kd=

Answer 19

Cs/Cw Cs is the equilibrium concentration of the contaminant in the solid and cw is the equilibrium concentration of the contaminant in water.

Question 20

sink:

Answer 20

a long time repository of the pollutant.

Question 21

what is the difference between pollutant and contaminent?

Answer 21

The Contaminant is the substance that was introduced by man into the environment by any means while the pollutant may be induced by man or may be present in the natural environment.

Question 22

what are the three major environmental compartments?

Answer 22

1. the atmosphere 2. surface water 3. terrestrial or subsurface including soil, mineral strata and groundwater

Question 23

what are the 2 major ways in which a substance may be sequestered by another phasE?

Answer 23

absorption or adsorption