Lecture 6

Question 1

reduction is the process that occurs when…

Answer 1

• compound loses oxygen - compound gains hydrogen - element gains electrons.

Question 2

define anthrosphere;

Answer 2

can be referred to as the sum of human acitvites and processes.

Question 3

define redox reaction:

Answer 3

one or more elements change oxidation number

Question 4

oxidizing agent:

Answer 4

is reactant molecule that causes oxidation. - contains element reduced

Question 5

difference between contaminant and pollutant:

Answer 5

The Contaminant is the substance that was introduced by man into the environment by any means while the pollutant may be induced by man or may be present in the natural environment. The Contaminant is a term mostly used to the sources of pollution that are caused due to substances that have been made by human beings.

Question 6

define geopshere

Answer 6

inorganix component of the environment

Question 7

How can water dissolve polar and non-polar compounds?

Answer 7

water has a di-fold positive on one end and negative on the other.

Question 8

what is the effects and significance of water… Max density as a liquid at 4 degrees C

Answer 8

ice floats; vertical circulation in bodies of water

Question 9

define biosphere:

Answer 9

consists of all life forms and the components necessary for their formation.

Question 10

what is the effects and significance of water… Higher heat of latent fusion than any other liquid except ammonia

Answer 10

Temperature stablizied at freezing point of water

Question 11

reducing agent:

Answer 11

is reactant molecule that causes reduction - contains the element oxidized

Question 12

what is the effects and significance of water… Transpot to visible and longer wavelenfth fraction of UV light

Answer 12

Colourless so that light required for photosynthesis reaches considerable depths in bodies of water

Question 13

what does the atmosphere do?

Answer 13

moderate temperatue, absorobs energy

Question 14

define hydrosphere:

Answer 14

represented by fresh water and oceans.

Question 15

define xenobitoic compound:

Answer 15

matter not normally part of an organisms environment.

Question 16

what is the effects and significance of water… Higher heat of evaporation than any other material

Answer 16

Determines transfer of heat and water molecules between the atmosphere and bodies of water

Question 17

sediments are generally considered part of the ————

Answer 17

hydrosphere

Question 18

what is the effects and significance of water… Highest dielectric constant of any common liquid

Answer 18

high solubility of ionic substances and their ionization in solution

Question 19

oxidation occurs when:

Answer 19

• element loses electrons - compound adds oxygen - compound loses hydrogen

Question 20

define lithospherE:

Answer 20

is the part of the geosphere directly involved with environmental processes and in contact with the other compartments

Question 21

geosphere is generally called the what?

Answer 21

lithosphere

Question 22

what are theee important properties of water?

Answer 22

1. forms hydrogen bonds with itself and other compounds in solution 2. it is a polar molecule 3. unusual thermal protieries like a high heat capacity and high latent heat of fusion and evaporation and a good thermal conductor

Question 23

what is the order from weakest to strongest intermolecular forces?

Answer 23

1. Dispersion 2. Dipole-dipole 3. Hydrogen bonding 4. Ion-dipole 5. Ion-Ion

Question 24

The density of ice is less than density of liquid water, what does this mean for our pipes?

Answer 24

Pipes have to be below frost line

Question 25

where is the geosphere located?

Answer 25

consists of the upper mantle and crust of the earh.

Question 26

define atmosphere:

Answer 26

thin layer of has surrounding the planet.

Question 27

what is the effects and significance of water… High surface tenson than any other liquid

Answer 27

controlling facot in physiologyl governs drop and surface phenomena

Question 28

what bond does water have?

Answer 28

Ion-dipole.

Question 29

why is our fridge tuned in a 4 degreed C?

Answer 29

micrbial growht is more retrictive at this because water is more dense.

Question 30

what is the effects and significance of water as an excellence solvent?

Answer 30

Transport of nutrients and water products, making biological processes possible in aqueous medium