Lecture 1 Flashcards
(11 cards)
What happens to cells when they become specialised?
Polarity is established (some diseases remove polarity)
What determines the relative amounts of each organelle?
cell type
What is the cytosol?
everything soluble in a cell that isn’t attached to any structures
What is an adenovirus?
has no capsule - naked
causes respiratory illnesses
What are the features of cancer?
- more frequent cell division
- tighter packing of nuclei
- less frequent goblet cells
- nuclei all over the place
- polarity compromised
- cells stacking up
- cell invasion
- cells in middle of mass die
(cells migrating and not being kept in tissue boundaries leads to cancer)
What are some features of all cells?
- cell membrane
- genetic material
- have RNA molecules and proteins
- are composed of the same basic chemicals: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, minerals, fats and vitamins
- regulate the flow of nutrients and wastes that enter and leave the cell.
- reproduce and are the result of reproduction.
- require a supply of energy.
- are affected and respond to the reactions that are occurring within them
What is the size of a cell?
10-50 micrometers
What is the size of a virus?
10nm
What are the main components of cells?
Basement membrane
Extracellular fluid (ECF):
- ions (Na+, Cl-, PO42-, CO32-, Mg2+, Ca2+)
- soluble proteins
- soluble carbohydrates, sugars
- vitamins
- amino acids
- hormones
- nucleotides (ATP)
- lipids
- cholesterol
Lymph
Plasma
Saliva, urine, bile, sweat, milk etc
Relationship between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
endosymbiosis of prokaryotic cells with other so the organelles in eukaryotic cells derive from the incorporation by prokaryotes
Which processes require ATP?
- movement against concentration gradient
- movement of organelles
- movement of membrane (ruffling)
- growth and migration of cells
- cell division
- muscle contraction
