Lecture 1

Question 1

Define histology

Answer 1

Histology is the study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues

Question 2

Define histopathology

Answer 2

The study of abnormal cytologic or pathologic structure in a tissue

Question 3

What are the four basic types of tissue

Answer 3

• epithelial tissues
• connective tissues
• muscle tissues
• nervous tissues

Question 4

Gland ducts, lining of blood and lymphatic vessels, and kidney tubules are all considered to be what type of tissue

Answer 4

epithelial tissue

Question 5

Skin can belong to two of the four major tissue types, which types are

Answer 5

epithelial and connective tissue

Question 6

Fat, red and white blood cells, cartilage, as well as tendons and ligaments are considered to be what kind of tissue

Answer 6

connective tissue

Question 7

Marie Francois Xavier Bichat dived life into two parts, what were these two parts?

Answer 7

• The organic (vegetative) life

- The animal life

Question 8

When Bichat said that organic life was regulated by a collection of small, independent, thoracic brains what was he referring to?

Answer 8

The ganglionic nervous system

Question 9

The heart, intestines, and other organs were all part of….

Answer 9

Organic life

Question 10

Bichat considered symmetrical organs such as eyes, ears, and limbs to be

Answer 10

Animal life

Question 11

The notion that diseases attacked tissues rather than whole organs was created by:

Answer 11

M. F. X. Bichat

Question 12

Rudolph Carl Virchow pioneered what concepts?

Answer 12

Pathological processes through the application of the cell theory

Question 13

In the time of Virchow, what did the cell theory state?

Answer 13

All forms of life are composed of cells that were derived from existing cells

Question 14

Albert Kolliker was responsible for:

Answer 14

Applying Theodore Schwanns theory to the embryonic development of animals

Question 15

Matthias Schleiden is recognized for what?

Answer 15

• That cells are the essential unit of all living organisms

- Free cell formation theory

Question 16

Theodore Schwann discovered what fact(s) about tissues by looking at cartilage, eggs, and comparing plant and animal cells

Answer 16

Schwann distinguished 5 different classes of tissues

Question 17

Uncle and nephew pair (Janssens) made what contributions to histology?

Answer 17

They developed the first compound microscope (magnification 30x)

Question 18

This scientist described cells from this type of material…who was the scientist and what was the material?

Answer 18

• Robert Hooke

- Cork

Question 19

Which scientist went crazy making microscopes? His observations included red blood cells, protozoa, skeletal muscle, sperm cells, and bacteria.

Answer 19

Anthony Leeuwenhoek

Question 20

Describe the refraction of light

Answer 20

The refraction of light can be defined as light waves that are transmitted through a vacuum that travel at a fixed velocity

Question 21

The calculation for R. I. (Refractive Index) is:

Answer 21

R.I. = velocity of light / velocity of light inside the transmitting medium

Question 22

The unit of measurement for refraction of light is:

Answer 22

diopter, which is a measure of how much a lens bends light waves

Question 23

Explain focal point

Answer 23

Focal point is the point where all parallel rays will pass after passing through each part of a lens

Question 24

Define focal length

Answer 24

Focal length can be defined as the distance from the center of the lens to the focal point

Question 25

What are three characteristics of a real image?

Answer 25

- a real image will be inverted - real images can be projected onto a screen - the real image will be different in size from the object

Question 26

How is a real image formed?

Answer 26

Real images are formed when the object is placed outside the focal point

Question 27

How is a virtual image formed?

Answer 27

Virtual images are formed when the object is placed inside the focal point

Question 28

Describe four characteristics of a virtual image:

Answer 28

- Virtual images are not inverted - Virtual images cannot be projected onto a screen - Virtual images can be magnified - Rays radiating from the object will never be brought into focus at no points at any plane in space

Question 29

Explain resolution and how it can be achieved

Answer 29

- Resolution can be defined as the ability for any optical instrument to distinguish between any two small points. - the diameter of the diffraction lines around the points must be reduced.