Lecture 7

Question 1

Glands can be classified by:

Answer 1

1. number of cells comprising the gland
2. shape of secretory portion
3. by type of secretion
4. absence or presence of ductal branching
5. mechanism of secretion

Question 2

How did endothelial glands develop?

Answer 2

Endothelial glands developed from down growth that degenerated and lost their connection to the overlying epithelium.

Question 3

Give some examples of endothelial glands.

Answer 3

pituitary, thyroid, pineal, parathyroid, adrenals, gonads, liver, and pancreas.

Question 4

How did exothelial glands develop?

Answer 4

Exocrine glands arise when the epithelial down growth remains connected to the epithelial layer from which it originated.

Question 5

Give some examples of exothelial glands.

Answer 5

Exocrine glands include salivary glands, mammary glands, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and the pancreas.

Question 6

How can you differentiate between the types of compound glands based on the structure of their excretory duct.

Answer 6

• branched tubular
• branched alveolar (acinar)
• branched tubuloalveolar

Question 7

List and give examples of glands based on their type of secretion.

Answer 7

Serous secretions (watery, enzyme filled)
- Ex: parotid salivary gland
Mucous (thick mucin-containing)
- Ex: goblet cells
Mixed (serous-mucous)
- Ex: submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 8

What are the three mechanisms of secretion?

Answer 8

• Merocrine
• Apocrine
• Holocrine

Question 9

What is the difference between parenchyma and stroma?

Answer 9

The parenchyma consists of the components of the gland derived from the epithelium.

The stroma is the connective tissue capsule surrounding the gland as well as the thinner connective tissue called septa that separate the lobules and lobes.

Question 10

What is the hierarchical structure of a compound gland?

Answer 10

1. connective tissue capsule sends septa to organize units called lobes
2. Lobes are separated by interlobular septa into smaller subunits called lobules

Question 11

Know these ducts and the type of epithelium that lines them:

Answer 11

1. Intralobular (lies within a lobule) intercalated ducts are lined with simple squamous epithelium that transitions to low cuboidal epithelium.
2. Intralobular striated ducts are lined by cuboidal epithelium that transitions to columnar epithelium with basal striations.
3. Lobar ducts are lined with stratified columnar epithelium
4. Interlobular ducts are lined by stratified columnar epithelium