Lecture 13

Question 1

What is each hematopoietic lineage of mature blood cells

Answer 1

Adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells

Question 2

What does totipotent mean?

Answer 2

Totipotent cells give rise to all cells of an organism, includes embryonic and extraembryonic tissues. Zygotes are totipotent

Question 3

What does Pluripotent mean?

Answer 3

Pluripotent cells give rise to embryonic stem cells

Question 4

What does multipotent mean?

Answer 4

multipotent cells give rise to adult stem cells

Question 5

What does multipotent mean?

Answer 5

multipotent cells give rise to adult stem cells

Question 6

Where do you collect embryonic stem cells from?

Answer 6

Embryonic stem cells are derived from the inner-cell mass of a blastocyst

Question 7

Where are adult stem cells collected from?

Answer 7

bone marrow

Question 8

Prior to puberty where is bone marrow found?

Answer 8

skull, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, clavicles, pelvis, long bones

Question 9

After puberty where can you find bone marrow?

Answer 9

Skull, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, clavicles and pelvis. NOT long bones

Question 10

What is the stroma in relation to bone marrow?

Answer 10

The stroma is the fibrous framework that supports the parenchyma, it synthesizes and secretes hematopoietic growth factors.

Question 11

What is the parenchyma?

Answer 11

The parenchyma consists of various hematopoietic cells in different stages of differentiation

Question 12

What are the sinusoids?

Answer 12

Space that connect arterial and venous vessels, mature blood cells exit from the sinusoids and move into the circulation

Question 13

What are hematopoietic cords?

Answer 13

bands of parenchyma and stroma lying between sinusoids

Question 14

What are the three hematopoietic compartments?

Answer 14

Stem cell
Differentiating/multiplicative
Functional Compartment

Question 15

What stem cell lines will hematopoietic pluripotential stem cells commit to?

Answer 15

Myeloid

Lymphoid

Question 16

If you cannot identify hematopoietic pluripotent by morphology, how can they be recognized?

Answer 16

They can be recognized by cell surface markers

Question 17

Myeloid stem cells give rise to:

Answer 17

Five colony-forming units: Erythroid 
Megakaryocyte 
Basophil
Eosinophil
Granulocyte-macrophage

Question 18

What two cell lines to lymphoid stem cells give rise to?

Answer 18

T-cell progenitor (mature in thymus)

B-cell progenitor (matures in bone marrow)

Question 19

What is a major characteristic of monocytes?

Answer 19

Monocytes are the largest cells found in peripheral blood

Question 20

What is the series in a erythroid CFU?

Answer 20

Proerythroblast
Basophilic erythroblast
polychromatophilic erythroblast
orthochromatic erythroblast
reticulocyte
erythrocyte

Question 21

What are the three major groups of hematopoietic growth factors?

Answer 21

Colony-stimulating factors
Erythropoietin and thromopoietin
Cytokines (primarily interleukins

Question 22

What is GM-CSF (Granulocyte/Monocyte colony-simulating facot) produced by, and what is its effect?

Answer 22

GM-CSF is produced by endothelial cells, T cells, fibroblasts, and monocytes. It stimulates granulocytopoiesis and monocytopoieses, It ameliorates neutropenia associated with chemo or radiation

Question 23

What is G-CSF (granulocyte- colony stimulating factor) produced by and what is its effect?

Answer 23

G-CSF is produced by endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages. It directs CFU-G to proliferate and differentiate into myeloblasts, and it may be used in chemo or radiation to treat neutropenia

Question 24

What is the function of Monocyte colony stimulating factor?

Answer 24

Commits CFU-GM to monocytic pathway

Question 25

What are some characteristics of Erythropoietin?

Answer 25

- directs cfu-e to proliferate and differentiate into proerythroblasts - made in kidney in response to decrease in oxygen saturation

Question 26

What are two possible causes of secondary polycythemia?

Answer 26

- Tetralogy of fallout | - cigarette smoke

Question 27

What are some characteristics of thrombopoietin?

Answer 27

- directs formation of megakaryoblasts - made in proximal convoluted tubules of the kidneys, parenchymal cells, and sinusoidal endothelial cells of liver - there is no known theraputic use

Question 28

What is the function of cytokines (primary interleukins)?

Answer 28

- cytokines mediate positive and negative effects on cellular quiescence, apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation. - engage receptors, and activate a variety of signaling pathways

Question 29

What are chemokines?

Answer 29

chemokines regulate blood cell trafficking and homing to sites of need, they bind to guanine protein-coupled transmembrane receptors