Lecture 1 Flashcards
What is Anatomy?
It is concerned with the structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms
What is Morphology?
Cares about the structure, function, biological role, integration, and evolution. (how things are shaped)
Structure is what?
The part in the body such the unique structure of our hand
Function is what?
What that specific structure does such as the lungs being able to do a gas exchange
Integration is what?
Multiple parts that correlate with each other. Example: Lizard wants to run the nervous, muscle, and circulatory system are needed.
Example: the muscles attached to tissues. work together in order to move.
What is Evolution?
Always going to come into play the change of that structure over time. Such as why did that structure change
What is integration depended on and an example?
Integration is depended on shape and such as the elephant having a bigger heart that us.
what is Selective pressure ?
determines the certain factors that are needed to survive in a particular habitat
What does descent with modification consist of?
Change of alleles over time
such as them being heritable, selection, or by drift (occurs randomly)
What is Selection?
That particular phenotype that is favorable such as there is a higher survival rate and reproduction
What is Phylogeny?
Evolutionary history of a group
What is a Phylogenetic Tree?
Graphic representation of relationships between groups
What are the phylogenetic patterns?
Monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic
What is Monophyletic?
Those descended from a common ancestor (clade) A group that consist of an ancestor and all of its descendants
What is Paraphyletic?
Groups that include a common ancestor but not all of its descendants
What is Polyphyletic?
Groups formed on the basis of non homologous characters
What are the phylogenetic relationships and characters?
Plesiomorphy, Apomorphy, Synapomorphy, autapomorphy
What is plesiomorphy?
Primitive and ancestral character
What is apomorphy?
derived or specialized character (unique)
What is synapomorphy?
Shared derived character
What is Autapomorphy?
derived character contained only by that group
What are under morphology and evolution ?
Analogy, Homology and Homoplasy
What is Analogy?
Features with similar function
What is Homology?
Features that share a common ancestor
