Lecture 1

Question 1

50% of Bos taurus cattle died with anaemia, weakness, weight loss, no death with bow inducus

Answer 1

Cattle ticks

Question 2

Most important tick in australia

Answer 2

Rhipicephalus australis

Question 3

How much does rhipicephalus australis cost

Answer 3

$150 millions

Question 4

Morphology of rhipicephalus australis

Answer 4

Mouth as long as basis capituli

Question 5

Answer 5

rhipicephalus australis

Question 6

Lifecycle of rhipicephalus australis

Answer 6

One host tick - feedon host for 2 weeks, drp off and then start to lay eggs

Eggs laying can cease if temperature is below 15 degrees

Question 7

How long can rhipicephalus australis larvae survive

Answer 7

Summer: 3-4 months

Winter: 5-6 months

Question 8

Answer 8

rhipicephalus australis

Question 9

How do rhipicephalus australis larvae get onto host

Answer 9

Sit on grass lwith legs up

Larvae are the infective stage

Question 10

What do larvae turn into and for how long rhipicephalus australis

Answer 10

Nymphs after 4-5 days

Question 12

How long does it take for nymph to turn into larvae

rhipicephalus australis

Answer 12

one week

Question 13

rhipicephalus australis: how long do females feed

Answer 13

3 weeks after larvae attachment early in the moring they drop off.

Question 14

rhipicephalus australis: host

Answer 14

Cattle

Question 15

rhipicephalus australis: distribution

Answer 15

QLD, NT, WA, NSW

Question 16

Where is the natural boundary

Answer 16

Great dividing range

Question 17

Answer 17

Tick boundary line

Question 18

rhipicephalus australis: what does susceptibility depend on

Answer 18

• Breed - bos indicus less susceptibile
• Stress
• Grooming
• Age
• Season

Question 19

When is the population largest of rhipicephalus australis

Answer 19

Spring, summer, autumn

Depends on humidity, temperature, vegetation

Heaviest infestation: november to july

Question 20

Less favorable months for tick infestation in north QLD

Answer 20

April - November

Question 21

How are cattle nfected with larvae rhipicephalus australis

Answer 21

Larvae from environemnt

Question 22

What is special about rhipicephalus australis larvae

Answer 22

Larvae and males can transfer one animlas to another

need to feed within 24 hours or die of dehydration

Question 23

Effects female ticks have on host

Answer 23

• Damage to hides
• Loss of production
• Anaemia
• Tick worry

Question 24

Answer 24

Tick worry

Question 25

Where does resistance work the best

Answer 25

Attachement of larvae

Question 26

Bush tick (haemaphysalis longicornis): morphology

Answer 26

Basis capituli: sub-regular Palps: short, second article extends laterally, palp 3 with dorsal and ventral spur Legs: dark brown

Question 27

Lifecycle of haemaphysalis longicornis

Answer 27

3 host tick Females drop off -\> eggs hatch -\> larvae attach to host -\> 1 week larvae drop off -\> nymphs attach to another host -\> feed for a week and turn into adults

Question 28

haemaphysalis longicornis: host

Answer 28

Cattle

Question 29

Seasonal pattern of haemaphysalis longicornis

Answer 29

Larvae - late summer and autumn Nymphs: autumn and persist throughout winter Adults: late spring and peak in summer

Question 30

What can haemaphysalis longicornis transmit

Answer 30

Theileria buffeli

Question 31

How to control haemaphysalis longicornis

Answer 31

* Resistant cttle breeds * Pasture rotation * Natural enemies * Biological controls

Question 32

Factors that might limits the effectiveness of the chemical control

Answer 32

* Chemical and extent of resistance * Method of applying the chemical * Timing and frequency of. treatment

Question 33

WHAT % of Rhipicephalus australis are resistance

Answer 33

30-50%

Question 34

What is the only drug that can be given as an injectable

Answer 34

Macrocyclic lactones

Question 35

Name 4 ways drugs can be applied

Answer 35

* Pour-on * Hand spray * Spray race * Plunge dip

Question 36

Advantages of pour on

Answer 36

* Easy and quick to apply * Longer residual activity * Safer for operator

Question 37

Disadvantages of pour ons

Answer 37

* Expensive * Licking * Skin should be clean and dry at time of aplication * Coverate of some skin parts * Underdosing and long persistance -\> favour the development of resistance