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Parasitology > Lecture 8 and 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 and 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Host for cooperia

A

Cattle, sheep, goats

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2
Q

Location of cooperia

A

Small intestines

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3
Q

Morphology of cooperia

A
  • Small worms
  • The cuticle of the anterior end forms a small cephalic swelling
  • Bursa is large, the dorsal ray is divided into two branches which may be parallel or curved
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4
Q

cooperia eggs

A
  • Think shelled
  • Many cells
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5
Q

PPT of cooperia

A

12-17 days

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6
Q

Infection of the host with cooperia

A
  • Ingestion of L3 with pasture
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7
Q

Where does cooperia located environmentally

A
  • Cattle
  • Tropical
  • Subtropical costal regions
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8
Q

When are eggs of cooperia detected

A
  • As young as 3-4 weeks and at 8 weeks high eggs can be seen
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9
Q

When is the number of cooperia large

A
  • Largest number of larvae on pasture are in late summer and early autumn
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10
Q

When do animals develop resistance to cooperia

A
  • Calves: 6-8 months
  • There is ususlaly no problem after 12 months
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11
Q

Pathology of cooperia

A
  • Inflammation of the mucosa and destruction of the tips of the villi; errosion of the epithelium -> seepage of fluid and albumin into the intestinal lumen -> ascities and submandibular oedema
  • Profuse mucous/fibrino-nectotic exudate covers the intestinal wall becomes thick
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12
Q

Clinical signs of cooperia

A
  • Common in dairy and beef 2- 12 months of age
  • Late summer and autumn
  • Clinical signs start within 3 seeks after infestation
  • Anorexia, intermitted, drofuse diarrhoea, dehydration, rapid weight loss, emaciation
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13
Q
A

cooperia

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14
Q
A

cooperia

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15
Q
A

cooperia

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16
Q

Location of bunostomum

A

Small intestine

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17
Q
A

bunostomum

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18
Q
A

bunostomum

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19
Q

Morphology of bunostomum

A
  • Anterior end is bent dorsally
  • The buccal capsule is big and bears
    • Ont the dorsal margin a dorsal cone
    • On the ventral margin margin a pair of cutting plates
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20
Q

What do the eggs of bunostomum look like

A
  • Thin shelled, morula stage
  • Infestion of the host with L3
    • Skin penetration
    • Ingestion of pastures
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21
Q
A

bunostomum

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22
Q

Epidemiology of bunostomum in cattle

  • Distribution
  • Season
  • Animal
  • Calveds
A
  • Distribution: summer rainfall areas of coastal QLD and northern NSW
  • Season: larvae common during the warm wet season
  • High prevelance in dairy cows, associated with high stocking rate and poor hygiene
  • Calves develop strong resistance to reinfection -> infections are eliminated in animals older than a year
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23
Q

Pathology of bunostomum

A
  • Feeding: blood and plugs of the intestinal mucosa
  • Intestinal mucosa becomes inflammed and thickened, with punctiform haemorrhages -> haemorrhagic enteritis
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24
Q

Clinical signs of bunostomum

A
  • Dairy claves 5-12 months
  • Seen in autumn and winter and winter and spring
  • Anaemia, weakness, anorexia, black diarrhoea, weight loss, submandibular oedema ect
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25
Where do nematodirus locate
Small intestines
26
nematodirus
27
nematodirus
28
nematodirus
29
Eggs of nematodirus
* Very large: 160-260um, Big blastomeres * Reduced numbersof blastomeres (4-8) * Development to the infective stage (L3) takes place inside the eggs
30
Infection of host nematodirus
Infestion of L3 with pasture
31
PPT of nematodirus
* 15-20 days
32
Epidemiology of nematodirus
* Stimulatenous appearance of large numbers of the larvae on the pasture * Eggs can survive on pastures for over a year * It is a lamb to lamb disease, ewes have a minor role * Lambs become very resistant to reinfection * Present in summer and winter rainfall areas but it seems to do little harm under Australian conditions
33
Where do chabertia ovina locate
Large intestine in sheep and goats
34
What temperature do eggs develop
6-36 degrees * Winter and rainfall areas
35
chabertia ovina
36
chabertia ovina
37
chabertia ovina
38
chabertia ovina
39
Where do oesophagostumum locate
* Large intestine
40
oesophagostumum
41
oesophagostumum
42
oesophagostumum
43
What deos oesophagostumum have
Cephalic vesicle presnet
44
Infection of host with oesophagostumum
* L3 enters the mucosa of any part of the intestine -\> gets enclosed within nodules -\> moults to L4 -\> L4 emergest from nodules -\> lumen of the LI -\> moult to adults
45
Clinicals signs of oesophagostumum
* Anorexia, diarrhoea, illthrift
46
oesophagostumum
47
oesophagostumum
48
Clincial signs of oesophagostumum radiatum
* Anorexia * Unthriftiness * Intermittent diarrhoea * Anaemia * Emaciation
49
General signs of GIS
* Infections with large numbers of infectice larvae over a short time * Infections are mixed * Young animals are ususally affected * Anorexia, weightloss, anaemia, diarrhoea, dehydration, oedema
50
What are the manifestations of resistance in adults with GIS
* Expulsion * Changes in morphology * Fecundity
51
What is the manifestation of resistance of larvae with GIS
* Hypobiosis * Failure to establish
52
Explain immunity to oestertagia ostertagia
* No age resistance/immunity * Develops slowly and repeted infections over a prolonged time * Increased resistance in age with cattle and it is less common in sheep
53
What is premunition
* Presence of the stable population of adult worms in the digestive tract tends to block further infection/maturation of the larvae -\> removal of this stable population by treatment
54
What is self cure
* Spontaneous elimination of the population of adult worms after heavy infections carried out in short time
55
When doing Ante-mortem what to look for
* Clinical signs * History * Age * Season * Grazing management * Anthelmintic treatments * Labatory confirmation * Presence of large number of eggs * Eggs
56
Factors thats might affect/limit the significance of the fecal egg count
* Parasites * Species * Immature parasites dont lay eggs but can ba pathogenic * Eggs of most GIS look the same so it is diffucult to determine the parasite species that infect the animals * Host * Resistance of host * Faecal eggs counts are less useful for cattle for sheep * Others * Number of samples collected * Floatation time
57
Why do we do faecal cultures
* Mixed infection * Different aothogenicities
58
Test for infection with haemonchus controrus
* Famacha * Classify the colour of the conjunctivae to grade anaemia * Allow targeted selective treatment -\> prevent development of chemo resistance * Haemostix/dipstick * Detection of blood in faeces * Effective before eggs appear in the faeces
59
60
Test for infection with Ostertagia
Blood pepsinogen and gastrin values
61
What is the objectives of control
* Reduce the adverse effects of gastro-intestinal nematode infections on poductions by methofd that are feasible and profitable
62
What are the control methods
* Anthelmintic treatment * Grazing management * Integrated control * Curative treaments * Empirical treatments * Supressive treatements * Strategic treatments * Tactical treatments

Parasitology (9 decks)

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