Lecture 1 and 2

Question 1

What causes cat flu and snuffles

Answer 1

• Feine rhinotracheitis virus
• Feline calicicivirus
• Chlamydia felis
• Bordetella bronchiseptica

Question 2

Where is the cat flu and snuffles worse

Answer 2

I house with many cat, boarding catteries and breeding facilities

Question 3

What are the main culprits of cat flu and snuffles

Answer 3

• FRV
• FCV

Question 4

How many serotypes feline herpies 1 have

Answer 4

one

Question 5

What sort of virus is feline herpies 1

Answer 5

Alpha herpies

Question 6

How to kill calicivirus

Answer 6

1:32 bleach + detergent

Question 7

Pathotypes

Answer 7

Lots if different strains that vary in pathogenicity

Question 8

What is chlamydia felis

Answer 8

Obligate intracellular bacterium

Question 9

What does chlamydia felis cause

Answer 9

Mostly conjunctivitis

Question 10

How to kill chlamydia felis

Answer 10

1:1000 dilution of mostly quaternary ammonium disinfectants is enough to kill it

Question 11

What is bordertella bronchiseptica

Answer 11

• Aerobic, gram -ve coccobacillus

Question 12

Signs of bordertella bronchiseptica

Answer 12

Fever, sneezing, nasal discharge, submandibular lymphadenopathy, increased lung sounds, mild coughing

Question 13

Where is cat flu more common

Answer 13

House hold

Question 14

What are the 3 ways cat flu persists

Answer 14

• Passed directly from acutely infected to susceptible cats
• Environmental persistance in discharges, on fomites
• Recovered cats act as carriers

Question 15

How cat flu is spread

Answer 15

• Over-crowding, long intimate contact
• Poor ventilation, poor hygine
• Macrodroplets
  
  • Can be sneezed 1-2 meters
• Fine aerosols
  
  • Not produced during normal feline respiration, not so important
• Stress

Question 16

FRV/FHV-1: where does the virus get into to and persists NB

Answer 16

Trigeninal ganglia

Intermitted shedding, particularly about one week after stress

Question 17

What can shedders of FRV/FHV-1 show

Answer 17

Mild URT clinical signs when shedding

Question 18

What % of infected FRV/FHV-1 actually shed

Answer 18

50%

Question 19

How long does FCV carrier stage last

Answer 19

For life, but more often cats eventually clear the virus. Only 50% are still shedding by 75 days P.I.

Question 20

What happens in FCV carrier stage

Answer 20

Shed continuosuly

Question 21

Exam: what is the difference between FVC and FHV-1

Answer 21

Answer when know

Question 22

How long does shedding w/ C.felis last

Answer 22

Shedding lasts for 8-18 months P.I.

Question 23

Where is FRV located

Answer 23

Nasal, oral, conjunctival routes of infection

Question 24

Where does FRV replicate

Answer 24

Viral replication in nasal mucosa, nasopharynx, tonsils

Question 25

How long does shedding last with FRV

Answer 25

persists for 1-3 weeks

Question 26

What is the pathogenesis of FRV

Answer 26

1. Primary infection - lytic, epithelial 2. Neural latency - trigeminal, clinically silent; get recrudescence with stress or steroidal treatment

Question 27

What is the main target with C.felis

Answer 27

Conjunctival epithelium

Question 28

C.felis replication

Answer 28

Cytoplasmic inclusions

Question 29

C.felis: what happens to infected cells

Answer 29

Lyse after 48h

Question 30

FRV: what are the clinical findings

Answer 30

* Severe URT disease, incubation 2-6 days * Depression, marked sneezing, inappetence, pyrexia, serous oculonasal discharge, conjunctivitis * Discharge later becomes mucopurulent * Oral ulceration is uncommon, corneal ulceration sometimes * Signs usually resolve in 10-20 days; but sometimes permanent damage

Question 31

FCV: clinical findings

Answer 31

* Mild pyrexia, oral ulceration +/- conjunctivitis/pneumonia * Early depression, pyrexia, tongue ulcers * Maybe some sneezing, conjunctivitis * Wet fur, but not usually drooling * Maybe lameness * Chronic stomatis - gingivitis

Question 32

What is the incubation of C.felis

Answer 32

Inculation: 3-10 days

Question 33

What is initially seen with C.felis

Answer 33

* Serous ocular discharge, blepharospasm, chemosis, hyperaemia * One eye, then the other * Later, mucopurulent discharge * Maybe mild sneezing and nasal discharge * Mostly resolve in 3-4 weeks, although mild signs may persists longer

Question 34

What are the diagnosis for URTID

Answer 34

* PCR on small 'snip' conj. biopsies * Culture * IFA * Serology

Question 35

What is the general therapy for URTID

Answer 35

* Good nursinf care, warmth * Aromatic foods * FLuid therapy if dehydrated * Airway humidification * Broad spectrum antibiotic therapy * Ophthalmic drugs * +/- tube feeding/oxazepam/ diazepam/ mirtazapine

Question 36

What are the specific herpies virus treatment

Answer 36

* Triflurideine * Famciclovir * Need to treat often

Question 37

Chlamydia and Bordetella: therapy

Answer 37

* Tetracyclines * Azithromycin ( too big of a gun when there is reasonable alternatives)

Question 38

What is snuffles

Answer 38

Sinonasal disease * A chronic complication of acute feline URTID * Persistent or recurrent bacterial infections, associated with copious mucopurulent discharge * Said to be secondary to permanent damage caused by the virus

Question 40

Treatment for snuffles

Answer 40

* Long term antibiotics * Lincomycin, clindamycin * Expectorants/mucolytics * Bromhexine hydrochlorine * Airway humidification * Surgical approaches * Anti-herpesvirus