Lecture 1 - Cancer intro Flashcards

1
Q
benign vs malignant:
metastasize = 
mobile = 
fixed = 
low nuclear to cytoplasm ratio = 
decreased apoptosis =
A
malignant;
benign;
malignant;
benign;
malignant
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2
Q

top 3 cancers by incidence:
male =
female =

A
M = prostate, lung, colon;
f = breast, lung, colon
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3
Q

top 3 cancers by mortality:
M =
F =

A
M = lung, prostate, colon;
F = lung, breast, colon
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4
Q

carcinomas arise from ______; they typically metastasize via ______

sarcomas arise from _____. they spread via _____

A

epithelium; lymphatics;

connective tissue, blood

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5
Q

the primary target of anticancer drugs is _____

A

cell proliferation

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6
Q

_____ cells have lost the capacity to divide. they remain in ___. name some examples

A

static/permanent;
G0;
neurons, skeletal/cardiac muscle

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7
Q

_____ type/stable cells enter ____ from G 0 when stimulated. name an example

A

expanding;
G1;
hepatocytes (lymphocytes, PCT)

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8
Q

____ type/labile cells divide rapidly with a short ____. name 2 examples

A

renewing;
G1;
bone marrow, skin, gut epithelium

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9
Q

which of the cell types is most affected by chemo?

A

renewing/labile type

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10
Q

the growth/proliferating fraction of a tumor is the percentage of cells initiating _____ per given interval

A

DNA interval

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11
Q

the current theory of tumor spread is that ____ ____ and ____ ____ appear somewhat in parallel

A

lymph node, distant mets

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12
Q

curable cancers with chemo are more common in ____, due to high growth fraction/short doubling time = more sensitive to drugs

A

kids

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13
Q

cancer terms:
_____ = high dose chemo given initially to induce complete remission

_____ = long-term, lower dose chemo in patient who has achieved remission

A

induction;

maintenence

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14
Q

cancer treatment terms:
____ is repetition of of the induction regimen in a patient who has had complete remission, with the goal of prolonging remission

A

consolidation

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15
Q

____ therapy is a short dose of high dose chemo in a patient with no evidence of residual disease, with the goal of destroying the low number of residual tumor cells. ____ is when it is given in the preoperative period

A

adjuvant;

neoadjuvant

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16
Q

_____ therapy is repetitive long term treatment with low doses of chemo to minimize toxic side effects

A

metronomic

17
Q

log cell kill hypothesis:

a given dose kills a constant _____ of a ____ _____ Rather than a constant ____ of cells

A

proportion, cell population;

number

18
Q

what is the therapeutic index as regards to chemo?

A

ratio of TD50 for normal cells / TD50 or ED50 forr cancer cells

19
Q

class 1 antiproliferative drugs act in what part of the cell cycle?

A

all parts – affects both normal and tumor cells

20
Q

class 2 drugs are ____ specific agents. these drugs reach a ____ in cell killing with ____ doses

A

phase;
plateau;
increasing

ie act in only 1 phase of cell cycle

21
Q

class 3 drugs are called ___ _____ agents. they can damage proliferating cells in various phases of the cell cycle

A

cycle specific