Lecture 7 - Enviornmental Tox

Question 1

_____ is damage to genetic material caused by an external agent. ______ is an agent that causes damage to DNA

Answer 1

genotoxicity;

mutagen

Question 2

a _____ is an agent that causes breaks to chromosomes. _____ is an agent that effects cell division, causing loss or gain of a whole chromosome

Answer 2

clastogen;

aneugenic

Question 3

genomic damage to somatic cells can cause _____; where it occurs depends on what?

Answer 3

cancer;

route of exposure

Question 4

genomic to germ cells causes what 2 problems?

Answer 4

childhood cancers, birth defects

Question 5

lead inhibits/denatures what 2 enzymes?

Answer 5

ferrochelatase, ALA dehydratase

also ribonuclease

Question 6

lead:

what 2 substrates are accumulated in the blood?

Answer 6

protoporphyrin, ALA

Question 7

lead poisoning causes ____ anemia, with ____ ____ on peripheral smear and ___ ____ in bone marrow

Answer 7

microcytic;

basophilic stippling, ringed sideroblasts

Question 8

is most lead in the human body seen in the blood or in the peripheral tissue?

Answer 8

peripheral tissue

Question 9

most effects of mercurary are believed to be due to its ability to bind ____ _____

Answer 9

cellular sulfhydryl groups

Question 10

at low levels, mercury causes ____ and ____ (CNS)

Answer 10

peripheral neuropathy, tremor

Question 11

at higher levels, mercury hits the ____ and ____

Answer 11

nervous system, kidneys

Question 12

arsenic interacts with ____ and _____ and also forms ______

Answer 12

sulfur, phosphate;

ROS

Question 13

arsenic poisoning:

causes “_______” peripheral neuropathy, ____ (heart thing), ______ (GI thing), ____ breath

Answer 13

painful glove and stocking;
QT prolongation;
rice-water stools and vomiting;
garlic

Question 14

chelation:

effective against _____ poisoning. forms non-toxic complexes and removes metal from ____ ____

Answer 14

acute;

soft tissues

Question 15

combination chelator treatment:

use lipophilic substances to remove ____ metal and liophobic substances to remove _____ metal

Answer 15

intracellular, extracellular

Question 16

what 2 chelators can be used to treat arsenic, lead, and mercury poisoning?

Answer 16

dimercaprol, succimer

Question 17

EDTA and penicillamine can be used to treat ____ poisoning

Answer 17

lead

Question 18

______ causes hypophosphatemia and muscle _____

Answer 18

aluminum, weakness

Question 19

_____ causes neurotoxicity manifesting as parkinson’s disease

Answer 19

manganese

Question 20

_____ can cause cardiomyopathy, deafness, tinnitus, and neuro symptoms

Answer 20

cobalt

Question 21

silver can cause _____ in the skin, eyes, and mucus membanes

Answer 21

pigmentation

Question 22

_____ can cause progressive neuropathy, hair loss, and loss of color vision

Answer 22

thallium

Question 23

_____ can cause encephalopathy, blue-black gum lines, _____ - like skin rashes, and GI probs

Answer 23

bismuth;

lichen planus