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CLS 307 > Lecture 1 Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is hematology

A

The study of blood cells

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2
Q

How much blood does the average male possess

A

5L

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3
Q

What does blood transfer?

A

Oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues

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4
Q

What is the liquid portion of blood called

A

Plasma

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5
Q

Why are blood cells red?

A

They contain iron

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6
Q

When do RBCs contain a nucleus and when do they not

A

RBCs have a nucleus in bone marrow and lose it when going to the matrix

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7
Q

When and who gave an account of RBCs and improved the microscope?

A

1674 Anthony van Leeuwenhoek

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8
Q

When and who described platelets as petite plaques

A

1800s giulio bizzozero

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9
Q

When and who developed the Wright stain and opened a new world of visual examination through a microscope

A

1902 James Homer Wright

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10
Q

Who was The first person to stain a slide and use color

A

James Homer Wright

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11
Q

Describe the shape of a RBC

A

A non-nucleated biconcave disc

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12
Q

What protein are RBCs filled with

A

Hemoglobin

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13
Q

What is the normal diameter of RBCs

A

6 to 8 microns

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the RBCs shape

A

Biconcave disc allows for movement in small spaces

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15
Q

Name the five things found in a blood sample

A

Plasma, leukocytes, platelets, erythrocytes, hematocrit

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16
Q

What are the two possibilities for low/decreasing hematocrit

A

1) something is destroying RBCs
2) bone marrow is not producing RBCs

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17
Q

What are young RBCs that contain RNA called?

A

Reticulocytes

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18
Q

Why do cells stain slightly blue-gray with a Wright stain

A

Presence of RNA

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19
Q

A more blue-gray cell from a Wright stain is called

A

Polychromasia

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20
Q

What does it mean it there is an increase of Reticulocytes in peripheral blood

A

Bone marrow is responding appropriately to anemia

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21
Q

A ratio of packed volume of RBCs to the volume of whole blood is called

A

Hematocrit

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22
Q

What is the rule of 3

A

RBC x3 = hemoglobin x3 = hematocrit

23
Q

What reflects RBC diameter (volume) on a wright-stained smear

A

Mean red blood cell volume (MCV)

24
Q

Cells with MCV < 80

A

Microcytic

25
Cells with MCV 80-100
Normocytic
26
Cells with MCV >100
Macrocytic
27
What reflects weight of hemoglobin in the average RBC
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
28
What reflects the concentration of hemoglobin in the average RBC
Mean cell Hgb concentration (MCHC)
29
What differentiates between microcytic, normocytic, and macrocytic anemias
Mean RBC volume (MCV)
30
Cells with MCHC < 32
Hypochromic
31
Cells with MCHC 32-36
Normochromic
32
What differentiates between hypochromic and normochromic anemias
Mean cell Hgb concentration (MCHC)
33
What cells and why
Normochromic = carries more Hgb
34
What cell and why
Hypochromic = less Hgb
35
What reflects the degree of volume variation
RBC distribution width (RDW)
36
RBC distribution width (RDW) is seen on a wright-stained smear as a variation in the diameter, known as
Anisocytosis
37
If all cells are similar in size, the RDW is
Low
38
If some cells are little and some are big, the RDW is
High
39
Decreased WBC count
Leukopenia
40
Increased WBC count
Leukocytosis
41
What are the 6 types of leukocytes
Segmented neutrophils Band neutrophils Eosinophils basophils Lymphocytes Monocytes
42
An increase in neutrophils suggest
Bacterial infection
43
An increase in lymphocytes suggest
Viral infection
44
An increase in eosinophils suggest
Asthma attack or allergies
45
Another name for platelets
Thrombocytes
46
Causes of a low platelet count may include
Splenomegaly, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and bone marrow failure
47
Causes of a high platelet count may include
Reactive thrombocytosis (iron-deficiency anemia) and essential thrombocythemia
48
What is hemostasis
Stopping of bleeding
49
Where is fibrinogen produced and what does it get converted to
Liver and is soluble gets converted to fibrin and is not soluble
50
Explain how a cut heals
Fibrin strands create a mesh to stop bleeding and myosin and actin use muscle contraction to pull fibrin to close wound
51
Name the 2 bone marrow assays
Aspirates Biopsies
52
Name the 4 cytochemical stains and what family they belong to
Myeloperoxidase stain (myeloid family) Sudan black B stain (myeloid family) Terminal deoxynueleotidyl transferase (tat) (lymphoblasts) Leukocyte acid and alkaline Phosphatase (myeloid family)
53
What is karyotyping
Genetic testing Philadelphia chromosome translocation

CLS 307 (21 decks)

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