Lecture 1-Connective Tissue Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 1-Connective Tissue Deck (30)
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1
Q

Structure of callagen v elastin?

A

elastic fibers are thin and unbranched. collagen fibers are thick, wavy and unbranched.

2
Q

Name of the linkages between elastic and collagen fibers

A

desmosine and isodesmosine

3
Q

Diseases associated with collagen

A

Ehlers Danlos:defects in quality/ quanitity of collagens
Scleroderma: immunodificiency, tissue hardening, vascular damage
keloids: excessive scar tissue
Scurvy: lack of vit c, resulting in abnormal synthesis of collagen.
OI: mutations in collagen type I

4
Q

Diseases assocaited with Elastic Fibers

A

Cutis Laxa: mutation in elastin protein, not elastic enough, causing skin to bag
Marfan’s:

5
Q

2 types of cells in connective tissue

A

intrinsic and extrinsic cells.

6
Q

what is an intrinsic CT cell?

A

born, raised and dies in the connective tissue. Fibroblasts, Mesenchymal cells(give ruse to fibroblasts), and adipocytes.

7
Q

Types of Mesenchymal cells?

A

lineage committed and uncommitted.

8
Q

What is the importance of fibroblasts?

A

Fibroblasts give rise to the ECM. Produce fibers and ground substance. responsible for synthesis and matrix of the soft connective tissues.

9
Q

Importance of myofibroblast and type of CT tissue?

A

Intrinsic; appear only transiently when a wound happens. turn on their genes for actin and myosin and become like smooth muscle cells. helps contract the wound so that the epithelium can respond and re-grow.

10
Q

Adipocytes

A

Store fat.

11
Q

What is an Extrinsic cell, in reference to CT?

A

Born or raised elsewhere, and die in the CT. some are transient and some are long lived.
Transient cells include leukocytes and plasma cells. B lymphocytes enter when called upon, and on entering transforms into a plasma cell, which produces antibodies.
Long lived cells include mast cells(differentiate in the CT) and histiocytes/macs (derived from monocytes in bone marrow, and enter CT to become a macrophage. .

12
Q

How do fibroblasts form such large structures like collagen and proteoglycans?

A

synthesizes collagen within the cell, but is cleaved after it is secreted by the fibroblast by the peptidase. This allows the extracellular autoassembly of collagen, and allows you to keep the size of the fibroblast small!

13
Q

Where are macrophages found?

A

All throughout the connective tissue!

14
Q

What are important functions of Macrophages

A

Phagocytosis and antigen presentation.

15
Q

Mast Cells.

A

Has basophilic granules.
Found among blood vessels.
Take Ige molecules and stimulate the cell to release heparin and histimine while degranulating.

16
Q

Plasma Cells, what do they look like?

A

Central nuceloulus with chromosomes around it. it looks like A CLOCK! Large apron of basophilic cytoplasm. Pale area which the to golgi apparatus near the nuceleus. Full of rough ER.

17
Q

What does histimine do?

A

leaky-ness of close by blood vessles, thus allowing plasma to ooze out into connective tissue, and white blood cells to move into the connective tissue

18
Q

What does heparin do?

A

prevents the blood from clotting where the histimine is acting.

19
Q

What is Wharton’s Jelly?

A

Mesenchyme with delicate collagen fibrils in the umbilical vein, keeping blood vessels from collapsing and the chord from becoming compressed.

20
Q

Characterization of Loose CT

A

A loose organization of fibers, in a sea of ground substance

21
Q

Characterization of the types of adipose tissue

A

White/unilocular fat (one big drop of fat)

brown/multilocular fat (filled with multiple droplets of fat). more blood supply. good for hibernation.

Beige fat: looks like brown fat

22
Q

Where can you find elastic ligaments?

A

Between Vertebrate, Elastic fibers

23
Q

What are the two types of connective tissue?

A

Regular and Irregular

24
Q

Describe dense regular connective tissue, and give two examples of it.

A

consists largely of collagen fibers that are tightly packed and arranged in a parallel fashion. Tendons and ligaments are an example.

25
Q

Describe dense irregular connective tissue and give an example of it.

A

Fibers of collagen course irregularly through the tissue. Found in the dermis of the skin

26
Q

Types of cells found in loose connective tissue?

A

Macrophages, Plasma cells, Mast cells, Neutrophils and Eosinophils

27
Q

What type of tissue is found in the vertebral column

A

Elastic Connective tissues

28
Q

What are the two forms of Elastin?

A

Fibrillar and Lamellar.
Fibrillar is branched- elastin is complexed with fibrillin, forming scaffolding
Lamellar is in sheets/layers (synthesized by vascular smooth muscles)

29
Q

What is the importance of Reticular Connective tissue?

A

It forms an supportive, flexible network around organs and structures that are subject to change in form or volume.

30
Q

What is Reticular connective tissue made of?

A

ITtis made by extremely thin reticular fibers made of collagen type III and carbohydrate containing material. Stained with silver