Lecture 1: Gross Brain, Brainstem, and Spinal Cord (Part 1)

Question 1

What are the subdivisions of the brain?

Answer 1

• Forebrain
  
  • Cerebral Hemispheres
  • Deep structures
• Mibrain
• Hindbrain
  
  • pons
  • medulla
  • cerebellum

Question 2

What makes up the brainstem

Answer 2

Midrain & hindbrain (w/o cerebellum)

Question 3

What is gray matter in the brain?

Answer 3

Makes up the outside of the brain

Contains soma & dendrites

Question 4

What areas compose the white matter in the brain?

Answer 4

Collection of myelinated axons

Question 5

What are other names for white mater

Answer 5

Fasciculus

Funiculus

Lemniscus

Peduncle

Tract

Question 6

What is a gyrus?

Answer 6

Ridge of cortical tissue

Results from folding

Question 7

What is a sulcus?

Answer 7

Groove located between gyri

Question 8

What is a fissure?

Answer 8

Particularly deep sulci

Question 9

What is the importance of gyri and sulci?

Answer 9

Increases total cortical area and total number of cortical neurons

Question 10

What does the central sulcus divide?

Answer 10

Frontal and Parietal Lobe

Question 11

What does the lateral sulcus divide?

Answer 11

Frontal and Parietal Lobe from Temporal Lobe

Question 12

What does the parietooccipital sulcus divide?

Answer 12

Parietal Lobe and Occipital Lobe

Question 13

What does the cingulate sulcus divide?

Answer 13

Frontal and Parietal Lobe from Lingual Lobe

Found in medial wall of cerebral cortex

Question 14

What are the boundaries of the limbic lobe?

Answer 14

Strip of cortex that appears encircles the telencephalon-diencephalon junction

• Between the corpus callosum & frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes
• Curves around to occupy part of the medial surface of the temporal lobe

Question 15

What gyri are found in the frontal lobe?

Answer 15

• Precentral Gyrus
• Superior Frontal Gyrus
• Middle Frontal Gyrus
• Inferior Frontal Gyrus

Question 16

Where is the primary motor cortex contained in the brain?

Answer 16

Precentral frontal gyrus

Controls voluntary movement

Question 17

What is the action of the premotor and supplementary motor areas of the frontal lobe?

Answer 17

Planning and initiating voluntary movements

Question 18

What parts of the brain make up Broca’s Area?

Answer 18

Opercular and Triangular Parts of Inferior frontal gyrus

Question 19

Which hemisphere contains Broca’s area?

Answer 19

Left (Usually)

Question 20

What is the action of Broca’s area?

Answer 20

Motor aspects of written and spoken language

(speaking, handwriting, texting)

Question 21

What is the action of the prefrontal cortex?

Answer 21

Executive Functions: personality, decision making, insight, foresight

Most anterior part of frontal lobe

Question 22

What gyri are found in the parietal lobe?

Answer 22

• Postcentral Gyrus
• Superior Parietal Gyrus
• Inferior Parietal Gyrus

Question 23

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?

Answer 23

Postcentral parietal gyrus

Question 24

What is the primary somatosensory cortex responsible for?

Answer 24

Processing tactile and propioceptive information, sensory localization

Question 25

What part of the parietal lobe is involved in language comprehension?

Answer 25

Inferior parietal lobule ## Footnote *Usually left hemisphere*

Question 26

What are some other jobs of the parietal lobe?

Answer 26

Spatial Orientation Directing Attention

Question 27

What is a homonculus?

Answer 27

* A somatotopic map in the postcentral gyrus that reflects the amount of innervation to a given body area * Spatialy distorted * Coronal cut * Sensory and motor map

Question 28

What gyri are found in the temporal lobe?

Answer 28

* Superior Temporal Gyrus * Middle Temporal Gyrus * Inferior Temporal Gyrus

Question 29

Where is Wernicke's area located?

Answer 29

**Primary Auidtory Cortex:** Superior temporal gyrus (posterior portion and some of inferior parietal lobule) Supramarginal Gyrus + Angular Gyrus

Question 30

Which hemisphere usually contains Wernicke's area?

Answer 30

Left

Question 31

What is the action of Wernicke's area?

Answer 31

Language Comprehension

Question 32

Where is the primary auditory cortex located?

Answer 32

Superior Temporal Gyrus

Question 33

What does the medial part of the temporal lobe do?

Answer 33

Learning Memory

Question 34

What parts of brain mostly compose the limbic lobe?

Answer 34

* Cingulate Gyrus * Parahippocampal Gyrus: learning and memory

Question 35

What is the bump at the anterior end of the parahippocampal gyrus called?

Answer 35

Uncus

Question 36

What limbic structure is located beneath the uncus of the temporal lobe?

Answer 36

Amygdala

Question 37

What actions/responses is the limbic lobe responsible for?

Answer 37

* Emotional response * Drive-related behavior * Memory

Question 38

What part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for taste?

Answer 38

Insula

Question 39

Where is the insula? What outlines it?

Answer 39

* Buried in lateral sulcus * Can be seen by removing opercula * Outlined by the _circular sulcus_

Question 40

What gyri are found in the occiptal lobe?

Answer 40

* Cuneus * Lingual Gyrus * Occipitotemporal Gyrus * Lateral Occipital Gyrus

Question 41

Where is the cuneus found?

Answer 41

Between parietooccipital sulcus and calcarine sulcus

Question 42

Between what two sulci is the cuneus of the occipital lobe located between?

Answer 42

Parietooccipital sulcus Calcarine sulcus

Question 43

Where is the primary visual cortex?

Answer 43

Walls of the Calcarine Sulcus