Lecture 1 - Into to Cells Flashcards
What are the two main types of cells?
- Eukaryotic
2. Prokaryotic
What does the cell theory state?
“All living matter is composed of cell” and “All metabolic reactions takes place in a cell”
Finish the sentence:
Cells contain the __________________________ and this is ___________________________ cell.
Cells contain the hereditaroy information of which they are a part and this is passed from parent to daughter cell.
Name the Five Cell Kingdoms
- Monera (includes Eubacteria and Archeobacteria)
- Protista
- Fungi
- Plantae
- Animalia
State the main points of a Prokaryotic Cell?
- Simplest in form
- Lacks a distinct nucleus and organelle
- Include bacteria and blue-green algae (cyanobacteria)
- Contains a cell membrane, rigid cell and DNA
- Reproduction occurs through binary fission (asexual)
State the main points of a Eukaryotic Cell?
- More complex
- Ten times bigger than prokaryotic cell
- Contain a distinct nucleus and organelles
- Found in animals, plants, protist and fungi
What is binary fission?
When DNA replicates into two and cells splits forming two identical daughters
What is in a Bacteria Cell (Prokaryotic)
- Ribosomes
- DNA of nucleoid i.e. Plasmids
- Plasma membrane
- Peptidoglycan cell
- Bacterial flagellum (tail)
Name the type of shapes a bacteria can form
- Bacilli
- Diplocci
- Streptocci
- Staphylococcus (MRSA)
- Vibrio Cholera
- Spirilla
Name the general contents found in a Eukaryotic cell?
- Nucleolus
- Mitochondrion
- Lysosomes
- Vesicles
- Golgi body
- RER and SER
- Cytoplasm
What is the idea of an ‘organelles’?
It the way of saying the cells ‘organs’ that perform separate and distinct functions bound in membranes.
Define:
Nucleus (Envelope, Nucleolus and Chromatin)
A Nuclear Envelope is a double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores.
A Nucleolus is a non-membrane structure which is involved in production of ribosomes.
A Chromatin is a material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible in a dividing cell as individual condensed chromosomes.
Define:
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
and
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
They are a network of membrane sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes
Define:
Ribosomes
Small brown dots that make proteins; free in cytosol or bound to ER or Nuclear Envelope
Give examples of cell motility.
- Movement of cells from location in an embryo to another
during embryonic development - Movement of membrane-bound vesicles into cells
during phagocytosis or endocytosis - Movement of membrane-bound vesicle from the cell
interior to the cell surface during secretion - Seperation of two daughter cells
- Bacterial flagella that propels
