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Dentistry > Lecture 1: intro to dent > Flashcards

Lecture 1: intro to dent Flashcards

1
Q

Importance of dental care is

A

Dental care is required to maintain overall health
Dental disease causes discomfort
Associated disease processes may cause systemic problems

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2
Q

Mesaticephalic (aka mesiocephalic)

A

Most common head type
Means medium head

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3
Q

Brachycephalic

A

Short head
Commonly have crowded and roasted premolar teeth and malocclusion- increasing risk of periodontal disease

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4
Q

Dolichocephalic

A

Long head

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5
Q

Lips are used for

A

(labia)
Act as a prehensile organ
Used for grasping food in herbivores
A sense organ in many species
Term labial is used regarding anything pertaining to lips

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6
Q

Salivary glands do what and are located where

A

Produce saliva- lubricating and digestive functions
Most animals have 3-4 pairs of salivary glands
Parotid- located just below the ear canal and caudal to the mandible
Mandibular- located between the left and right halves of the mandible
Lingual- lies under the base of the tongue
Zygomatic- below the eye

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7
Q

Palate is

A

Roof of oral cavity and oropharynx
Separates resp and digestive passages in the head

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8
Q

Hard palate

A

Bony part which separates oral and nasal cavity
Has rides which cross the hard palate transversely

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9
Q

Soft palate

A

Caudal extension of hard palate
It is musculomembranous

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10
Q

MM of the mouth has

A

Highly vascular
Lots of nerve endings

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11
Q

Tongue is

A

Muscular
Covered with papillae, which can have a mechanical function, gustatory function, or both

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12
Q

Teeth are

A

Responsible for physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces so that the surface area of food is increased and can be exposed more to digestive enzymes
Opposed in 2 dental arcades
Upper arcade contained within the maxilla
Lower arcade contained within the mandible
Carnivore tooth are shaped differently than herbivore
Difference in shape reflects the function of the teeth

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13
Q

Difference b/w herbivore and carnivore teeth

A

Carnivore teeth are more pointed to help with ripping and tearing
Herbivore teeth are more flattened to help with grinding of plants and grains

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14
Q

Incisors are located

A

Most rostral of teeth of upper and lower arcade
Assist with prehension of food, shearing food and grooming

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15
Q

Canines are

A

Lower tooth between incisors and cheek teeth
Also called eye-teeth, bridle teeth or tusks
These are the grasping and tearing teeth in carnivores

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16
Q

Cheek teeth are

A

Have large occlusal surfaces and are composed of
Premolars (PM,P)- rostral cheek teeth (shearing in carnivores, grinding in herbivores)
Molars (M)- caudal cheek teeth (grinding)

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17
Q

Carnassial teeth are

A

Another name for the large shearing teeth of carnivores (dogs and cats)
Composed of last premolar of upper arcade and lower first molar
Abscesses that form at the root tip can break through the thin bone of maxilla
Seen as a swelling or draining below eye
Tooth must be extracted

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18
Q

Lingual

A

Lingual- towards the tongue (lower arcade only)

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19
Q

Palata

A

towards the palate (upper arcade only)

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20
Q

Vestibular /labial

A

towards the lips

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21
Q

Vestibular /buccal

A

towards the cheek

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22
Q

Occlusal

A

chewing surface, towards opposite dental arcade

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23
Q

Mesial

A

towards the middle or center

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24
Q

Apical

A

toward the root of the tooth

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25
Coronal
toward the crown of the tooth
26
Dental formulas are seen by
Each type of tooth is represented by its letter Permanent - I, C, P, M (uppercase letters) second set of teeth must last life of animal Deciduous (baby or milk teeth) - i, c, p, m (lowercase letters) smaller and fewer in number than permanent teeth The letter is then followed by a fraction with upper number representing upper arcade and lower number representing lower arcade
27
Structure of teeth
The teeth are well supplied with nerves, blood vessels, and lymph drainage because of this they are susceptible to pain (just like humans)
28
Pulp is
Blood and nerve supply enter the apex of the tooth Form a lattice like organization that comprises the pulp Located in the center of the tooth Shrinks with age
29
Dentin is
Living tissue similar to bone Surrounds and protects the pulp Can respond to damage to the tooth (tertiary dentin) – brown spot with no pulp exposure
30
Enamel is
Hardest substance of the body Covers the crown of the tooth Becomes harder with age
31
Gingiva is
Tissue that is commonly referred to as the gums Categorized clinically into free and attached
32
Periodontal ligaments
Hold tooth in the alveolus or socket
33
Cementum is
Thin, bone-like material Capable of repairing itself if damaged Attached the periodontal ligament to the tooth Brachydont- covers root only Hypsodont - covers entire tooth and is superficial to enamel
34
Alveoli in teeth are
Bony socket in which roots of teeth are embedded
35
Two types of teeth
Brachydont Hypsodont
36
Brachydont is
Low crowned K9, feline, porcine Ruminant incisors Equine deciduous teeth
37
Brachydont consists of
Crown- part projecting above gum line and covered with enamel Neck - constriction between crown and root at the gum line Root - part below gum line embedded in alveolus and covered by cementum
38
Hypsodont is
High crowned Permanent teeth of equine Cheek teeth of ruminant Have no distinct neck and continue to erupt throughout life
39
Equine teeth are
K9 tooth may be completely absent in equine female and geldings (probably hormonal related so depends when castrated) Wolf teeth - rudimentary P1 usually absent Prone to sharp edges on cheek teeth (points) Floating = filing off of these sharp edges
40
Needle teeth are
deciduous 3rd incisors of porcine and K9's often nipped off in newborns
41
Equine and ruminant teeth
Cheek teeth are long and merge together into a continuous occlusal surface for grinding Ruminants are missing upper incisors
42
Canine teeth are
Chew more than feline so have more flattened occlusal surface of molars No teeth until 3 weeks Deciduous teeth in by 6 weeks Permanent teeth all erupted by 6 months of age P4, M1 and M2 have 3 roots P11, and M3 have one root All other cheek teeth have 2 roots
43
Feline teeth differentiate by
P4 only tooth to have 3 roots P33, P4, and M1 have 2 roots
44
Eruption in equine is
Eruption = emergence of tooth through gum
45
In wear in equine
Removal of enamel due to contact of opposing teeth Yellow dentin surrounded by white enamel
46
Level in equine terms
Flattening of occlusal surface showing 2 enamel rings separated by dentin
47
Cup-mark equine terms is
Deep depression of occlusal surface lined by cementum and enamel Usually filled with black decaying material
48
Enamel spot in equine terms is
Enamel at bottom of cusp when cusp worn away Harder than dentin and raised
49
Dental stars in equine are
Darker secondary dentin filling pulp cavity at occlusal surface First appears rostrally then more centred as enamel spot disappears
50
Equine teeth wear looks liek
As the teeth wear, the shape of the occlusal surface changes Young have transversely oval surface With wear it becomes round then triangular and finally longitudinally oval Can use these changes to help assess age of horse
51
Equine cheek teeth
Upper arcade wider than lower Causes asymmetrical wear to the cheek teeth → Formation of enamel points on the buccal aspect of the maxillary cheek teeth and the lingual aspect of the mandibular cheek teeth Points must be removed from time to time to prevent trauma to soft tissues/pain → floating
52
Cap on equine tooth is
deciduous tooth remaining attached to permanent replacement
53
Sow mouth
overshot mandible of horse
54
Parrot mouth
undershot mandible in horse
55
Scissor mouth is in equine
oblique angle of incisors occlusal surface when looking from front Due to uneven wear
56
Step mouth in equine
uneven occlusal plane of cheek teeth Due to lack of wear of one or more teeth
57
Angle of equine teeth does what
Angle increases with age
58
7 year hook is what in equine teeth
Bulge on caudal end of upper corner incisor due to incomplete wear by lower arcade Appears at 7 years and disappears at 9 year Reapers at 11 years
59
Galvaynes groove is and what it looks like with age
Groove on labial side of upper corner incisor Due to wear and removal of the cementum except in the groove 10 years- appear under gum line 15 years- appears halfway down tooth 20 years- reaches occlusal surface 30 years- disappears
60
Bovine teeth differences
Longitudinal ridge- serration marking lingual surface Occlusal surface- appears when teeth come into wear Appears waxy due to longitudinal ridges Level- occlusal surface no longer appears waxy due to wear beyond longitudinal ridges
61
Aging cattle by teeth
Estimate age- check lower incisors for eruption and number of permanent incisors Add 1 year to first incisor- 1-2 years of age Second incisor- 2 years of age Third incisor- 3 years of age Fourth incisor- 4 years of age All incisor eruption and wear- 5 years of age

Dentistry (12 decks)

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