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Y2 - Clinical App > Lecture 1 - Intro To Dermatology > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Intro To Dermatology Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

What are the key parts to a dermatological Hx?

A

Presenting complaint
Hx of complaint
PMHx
FHx
Social Hx
Travel Hx
Dx
Allergies
ICE

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2
Q

What do we need to consider with the presenting complaint for a dermatological Hx?

A

Nature
Site
Duration

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3
Q

What do we need to consider when learning about the Hx of presenting complaint?

A

Initial appearance
Location
Associated symptoms
Aggravating and relieving
Previous episodes
Treatments
Contact Hx

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4
Q

What do we need to consider with past medical Hx in dermatological history taking?

A

Systemic disease (SLE)
History of Atopy
History of skin cancer
History of sun burn (uses sun beds?)

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5
Q

What is Atopy?

A

Triad of eczema, hay fever and asthma

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6
Q

What do we need to consider with FHx in dermatological history taking?

A

Family Hx of:
Skin disease
Atopy
Autoimmune disease

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7
Q

What do we need to consider when asking about Social Hx with dermatological Hx taking?

A

Home situation (pets)
Smoking (worsens skin health)
Drugs and alcohol (IV drug use)
Occupation
Diet (allergens)
Cleaning products

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8
Q

What do we need to ask about when taking a Drug Hx for a dermatological Hx?

A

Prescribed drugs they take
Over the counter meds they buy

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9
Q

What is the pneumonic to remember what to look for in dermatological exams?

A

SCAM

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10
Q

What does SCAM stand for ini dermatological exams?

A

S = site and distribution (rash) , size and shape of lesion

C = colour and configuration

A = associated changes

M = morphology

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11
Q

What are extensules?

A

When the rash or lesion is on the knees or elbows

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12
Q

What are flexules?

A

When rash is in cubital fossa or popliteal fossa

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13
Q

What areas are lesions/rashees commmon in for eczema?

A

Flexules

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14
Q

What are some words to describe the distribution / site of a rash/lesion?

A

Generalised (all over body)
Widespread
Localised
Symmetrical
Flexural
Extensor
Dermatome L

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15
Q

What is meant by follicular distribution?

A

Lesions in the distribution of the hair follicles

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16
Q

What is meant by a Dermatome distribution?

A

Area of skin supplied by a single dermatotme affected

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17
Q

What is a photosensitive site//distribution for a lesion?

A

Sun exposed areas such as face, neck and back of hands affected

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18
Q

What is referred to as a pressure area distribution?

A

Sacrum
Buttocks
Ankles
Heels

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19
Q

What is meant by a discrete configuration for a lesion/rash?

A

Individual separate lesions

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20
Q

What is meant by a confluent configuration for a rash/legion?

A

Individual lesions that blend/margin into each other

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21
Q

What is meant by a linear configuration for a rash/legion?

A

In a line

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22
Q

What is meant by a targetoid configuration for a rash/legion?

A

Have 3 distinct regions/concentric circles

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23
Q

What is meant by erythema in terms of colour for skin lesions/rashes?

A

Redness which blanches on pressure

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24
Q

What is meant by petechiae in terms of colour for skin lesions/rashes?

A

Red or purple colour (bleeding into skin or mucous membrane) which doesn’t blanch on pressure

(Between 1-2mm in diameter)

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25
What is meant by purpura in terms of colour for skin lesions/rashes?
Red or purple colour (bleeding into skin or mucous membrane) which doesn’t blanch on pressure (Between 2-10mm in diameter)
26
What is the bigger lesion/rash, petichae or purpura?
Petichae small Purpura larger
27
What is meant by hyperpigmented in terms of colour for skin lesions/rashes?
Increase in skin colour (darker)
28
What is meant by hypopigmented in terms of colour for skin lesions/rashes?
Loss of skin colour
29
What is vitiligo?
Autoimmune attack on melanocytes usually localised, can be symmetrical areas Usually associated with thyroid disease and T1DM
30
What is meant by morphology of a skin lesion?
The structure of a skin lesion
31
What is a primary lesion? What is a secondary lesion?
A primary lesion develops as a direct result of a disease A secondary lesion is a modification of the primary lesion
32
What is the meaning of a Macule when describing the morphology of a primary lesion?
Flat area of altered colour (<1cm diameter)
33
What is the meaning of a patch when describing the morphology of a primary lesion?
Flat area of altered colour or texture >1cm in diameter
34
What is larger a Macule or a patch?
Patch is larger Macule is smaller
35
What is the meaning of a papule when describing the morphology of a primary lesion?
Small raised lesion <1cm in diameter
36
What is the meaning of a nodule when describing the morphology of a primary lesion?
Solid raised lesion >1cm in diameter
37
What is the meaning of a plaque when describing the morphology of a primary lesion?
Palpable raised lesions >1cm in diameter
38
What are the 2 terms used to describe the morphology of raised clear fluid filled lesions?
Vesicle Bulla
39
What is the meaning of a vesicle when describing the morphology of a primary lesion?
Small raised blister that is filled with clear fluid <1cm in diameter
40
What is the meaning of a bulla when describing the morphology of a primary lesion?
Large raised blister filled with clear fluid >1cm in diameter
41
What is the meaning of a pustule when describing the morphology of a primary lesion?
Pus containing lesion that’s small and circumscribed
42
What is an abscess?
Localised accumulation of pus on the dermis or subcutaneous tissueees
43
What is the meaning of a comedome when describing the morphology of a primary lesion?
Pores or hair follicles that have gotten blocked with bacteria, oil and dead skin cells forming bumps on your skin
44
What is the meaning of annula when describing the morphology of a primary lesion?
Circular ring whose edge differs to the middle
45
What is lost when erosion has happened in a secondary lesion?
Epidermis is lost
46
What is excoriation?
When the epidermis is lost following trauma
47
What is lichenification?
Well defined roughening and thickening of skin with clear skin markings
48
What are scales?
Flakes of the stratum Corneum
49
What is the meaning of crust when describing the morphology of a secondary lesion?
Rough surface consisting of dried blood, serum, bacteria and cellular debris that has exuded through eroded epidermis
50
What is lost when a lesion is described as an ulcer?
Epidermis and dermis
51
What are striae?
Linear areas which progress from pink to white that looks like a scar
52
What is a scar?
Nee fibrous tissue. Whihc occurs post wound healing
53
What is Alopecia?
Attack on hair follicles causing hair loss
54
What is the difference between patchy Alopecia and diffuse Alopecia?
Patchy is in patches Diffuse is widespread
55
What is hirsutisum?
Hair growth in females in androgen dependant locations
56
What is hypertrichosis?
When excessive hair grows in non androgen dependant locations.
57
What are some nail changes associated with dermatological conditions?
Pitting Oncholysis Koilonychia Clubbing
58
What is nail pitting? What conditions is it often related to?
Depression in the nail plate Psoriasis Eczema Alopecia areata
59
What is koilonychia?
Spoon shaped depression of nails
60
What condition is koilonychia commonloy seen in?
Iron deficiency anaemia
61
What is oncholysis?
Separation of the distal end of the nail plate from the nail bed
62
What usually causes oncholysis?
Trauma Psoriasis Fungal nail infections Hyperthyroidism
63
Go to slide 39, What distribution is the conditions on the left then the right?
Left = flexures Right = widespread
64
Go to slide 40, What distribution is the conditions on the left then the right?
Left = follicular Right = Dermatome
65
Go to slide 41, What distribution is the conditions on the right?
Photosensitive rash
66
Go to slide 42, What distribution is the conditions on the left then the right?
Left = discreted Right = confluent
67
Go to slide 43, What distribution is the conditions on the left then the right?
Left = linear Right = targetoid
68
Go to slide 44, What colour is the conditions on the right image for circle 1 then 2?
1 = petechiae 2 = purpura
69
Go to slide 45, What colour is the conditions on the left?
L = hyperpigmented
70
Go to slide 46, What colour is the conditions on the left then the right?
Both hypopigmented
71
Go to slide 47, What morphology of the primary lesions is the conditions on the left then the right?
L = macule R = patch
72
Go to slide 48, What morphology of the primary lesions is the conditions on the left then the right?
L = papule R = nodule
73
Go to slide 49, What morphology of the primary lesions is the conditions on the left then the right?
L = plaque R = vesicle
74
Go to slide 50, What morphology of the primary lesions is the conditions on the left then the right?
L = bulla R = pustule
75
Go to slide 51, What morphology of the primary lesions is the conditions on the left, middle then the right?
L = annula M = comidome R = hives
76
Go to slide 52, What morphology of the secondary lesions is the conditions on the left then the right?
L = excoriation R = lichenification
77
Go to slide 53, What morphology of the secondary lesions is the conditions on the left then the right?
L = crust (rough surface of dried blood and infection R = scales
78
Go to slide 54, What hair changes are seen on the conditions on the left, middle and right?
L = Alopecia M = hypertrichosis R = hirsutism
79
Go to slide 55, What nail changes are seen on the conditions on the left and middle?
L = pitting M = oncholysis
80
Go to slide 55, What nail changes are seen on the conditions on the right top and right bottom?
Right top = koilonychia Right bottom = clubbing

Y2 - Clinical App (14 decks)

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