Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Y2 - Clinical App > Lecture 2 - Common Skin Conditions > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Common Skin Conditions Flashcards

(73 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is atopic eczema/atopic dermatitis?

A

Inflammation of the skin causing it to be really dry, itchy, red and flaky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What parts of the body does atopic eczema usually present on?

A

Flexural surfaces (elbows, backs of knees)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is eczema called when it occurs in response to a specific trigger?

A

Contact dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is atopic eczema diagnosed?

A

A clinical diagnosis meaning it can be diagnosed by taking a Hx and an exam alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a typical Hx for a patient with atopic eczema?

A

Family Hx
Atopy
Normally happens in childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is atopic eczema treated?

A

Education and support
Avoid triggers like smoke ad fragrances causing flare ups

Topical changes:
Emollients
Soap substitutes
Steroids and or calcineurin inhibotrs
Phototherapy

Or systemic therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of steroids in treating atopic eczema?

A

Reduces inflammtion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of calcineurin inhibitors in atopic eczema?

A

Topical immunosuppressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is acne vulgaris?

A

Chronic skin disease where the hair follicles in the skin get blocked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who does Acne vulgaris typically affect?

A

Adolescents to young adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is acne vulgaris diagnosed?

A

Clinical diagnosis (Hx and exam alone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the ways that acne vulgaris is thought to be caused?

A

Increased sebum (oil) production due to androgen influence

Excessive deposition of keratin in pores (dead skin cells)

Overgrowth of cutibacterium acne’s (a skin commensals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the microbe involved in acne vulgaris?

A

Cutibacterium acnes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What supports the growth of cutibacterium acne’s in acne vulgaris?

A

The oily environment caused by the excess sebum production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment for acne vulgaris?

A

Topical treatments which can be antibiotic or non antibiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some non antibiotic treatments for acne vulgaris?

A

Retinoids
Benzoyl peroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some topical antibiotics for acne vulgaris?

A

Erythromycin
Clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some systemic treatments for acne vulgaris?

A

Abx
Oral contraception
Isotretinoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why is isotretinoin heavily regulated in its use for treatment of acne vulgaris?

A

Highly teratogenic (so try and avoid using in fertile woman and defo onto in pregnant women)

Also can cause depression, psychiatric disorder and suicidal tendencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does psoriasis present?

A

Chronic skin condition
Plaques
Silvery scales
Normally on the extensor surfaces (knees, elbows and scalp)
Relaxing and remitting course
May come after new medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is psoriasis diagnosed?

A

Clinical diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is tthe cause of psoriasis?

A

T cell cytokine production is stimulated leading to keratinocytes proliferation (rapid maturation of skin cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the treatment for psoriasis?

A

Topical treatments
Phototherapy (exposure to UV)
Systemic drugs (oral and injectable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the potential systemic treatments for psoriasis?

A

Methotrexate
Ciclosporin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the potential iatrogenic causes of psoriasis?
Beta blockers ACE Inhbitors
26
What is urticaria?
Appears as hives Associated with angiooedma Looks kinda like me when i write on my skin
27
What triggers urticaria?
Foods Inhaled allergens viral infection
28
What is the pathophysiology of urticaria?
Mast cells degranulation and histamine is released leading to increased capillary permeability and leakage of fluid into surrounding tissue
29
What is considered acute urticaria? What is considered chronic urticaria?
Acute < 6weeks Chronic >6weeks
30
How is urticaria treated?
General education Systemic treatments mainly H1 anti-histamines Others like steroids, ciclosporin, montelukast and omaluzimab
31
What type of virus is the pox virus?
Molluscum contagiosum
32
What is molluscum contagiosum/pox virus?
Common infection in child’s that happens when a child comes into direct contact with a skin lesions nor contaminated object
33
How does molluscum contagiosum/pox virus present?
Small firm spots anywhere on the body (small dome shaped papules) Itchy Self limiting
34
What causes shingles?
Varicella Zoster Virus
35
How does shingles present?
Painful rash Tingling feeling prior to rash Vesicular and Dermatomal
36
How is shingles treated?
Antivirals Avoiding particular patient groups
37
What antivirals are often given tot treat shingles and when are these often given?
Acyclovir When patient is immunosuppressed or with Trigeminal herpes
38
What is impetigo?
Highly contagious bacterial skin infection
39
What is the most common causative organism for impetigo?
Staph or strep
40
How does impetigo present?
Golden brown crust like corn flakes
41
How is impetigo treated?
Topical antibiotics
42
What is the main example of a fungal skin infection?
Dermatophytosis
43
What is dermatophytosis?
Superficial fungal infection where dermatophytes grow in the keratin of the skin
44
How does dermatophytosis present?
Raised itchy scaly patches, can be on scalp, feet or groin
45
What is dermatophytosis of the scalp called?
Tinea capitis
46
What is dermatophytosis of the feet called?
Tinea pedis
47
What is dermatophytosis of the groin called?
Tinea cruris
48
What is a good topical anti fungal for dermatophytosis?
Clotrimazole
49
What is some patient advice given to those with dermatophytosis?
Don’t share towels and clothing
50
What are the 3 main types of skin cancer?
Malignant melanoma Squamous cell carcinoma Basal cell carcinoma
51
What is malignant melanoma and what causes it?
Cancer of the melanocytes Caused by Uv light exposure which can come from the sun and sun beds
52
How does malignant melanoma present?
New mole or changes in appearance of an existing mole
53
What are tthe risk factors for developing malignant melanoma?
Pale skin Ginger Lots of freckles Lots of UV exposure
54
How is it treated malignant melanoma treated?
Surgery Possible radiotherapy if spread
55
Where are people with dark skin tines likely to develop malignant melanoma?
Palms and feet (soles)
56
What is the ABCDE approach to examining pigmented lesions?
Asymmetrical? Border Colour Diameter Evolving (changing)
57
What cells are affected in squamous cell carcinoma?
Squamous cells in the epidermis
58
Where do squamous cell carcinomas develop on the body?
Areas of skin exposed to sun Face, nose, forehead and cheeks
59
What age group is normally diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma?
Middle aged or older
60
What is the most common type of skin cancer?
Basal cell carcinoma
61
How does basal cell carcinoma normally present?
Dark, pearly shiny and glossy look to lesion Slow growing May spontaneously bleed
62
What causes basal cell carcinoma?
Skins basal cells develop DNA mutation often due to UV
63
How is basal cell carcinoma treated?
Surgery
64
What are some functions of the skin?
Sensation Thermoregulation Vit D synthesis Barrier to infection (innate immunity) Microbial secretions
65
Go to the last slide and label the layers of the skin:
1 = stratum basale 2 = stratum spinosum 3 = stratum granulsum 4 = stratum Corneum
66
What is the layer in the skin which is only present in the hands and the feet?
Stratum lucidum
67
What is a good way to remember the layers of the skin?
Come (Corneum) Let’s. (Lucidum only in hands and feet) Get (granulosum) Sun (spinosum) Burnt (basale)
68
What are the 4 main cell types in the epidermis of the skin?
Melanocytes Langerhans cells Keratinocytes Merkel cells
69
What is the function of melanocytes?
Produce melanin to protect DNA from UV
70
What are Langerhans cells?
Immune function (macrophages in skin)
71
What is the function of keratinocytes?
Produce keratin needed for structural support
72
What is the function of merkel cells?
Nerve endings for sensation.
73
What are some extra intestinal manifestations of GI diseases?
Erythema nodosum Pyoderma gangrenosum Arthritis

Y2 - Clinical App (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions