(LECTURE 1) INTRODUCTIONTOHYDROLOGY

Question 1

study of waters of the Earth such as its occurrence, circulation, distribution, properties and reaction with environment

Answer 1

Hydrology

Question 2

study of the atmosphere

Answer 2

Meteorology

Question 2

SOURCES OF WATER

Answer 2

Atmospheric water
Surface water
Subsurface water

Question 2

precipitation

Answer 2

Atmospheric water

Question 3

study of the waters of the Earth and atmosphere

Answer 3

Hydrometeorology

Question 3

water above surface of Earth (lakes, rivers, seas and ocean)

Answer 3

Surface water

Question 3

SALTWATER

Answer 3

97.5%

Question 3

lakes and rivers

Answer 3

0.4%

Question 3

water below surface of Earth (groundwater)

Answer 3

Subsurface water

Question 3

FRESHWATER

Answer 3

2.5%

Question 4

snow and ice

Answer 4

68.7%

Question 5

groundwater

Answer 5

30.9%

Question 6

An envelop of gases surrounding the earth and bound to it permanently by gravitational force

Answer 6

THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE

Question 7

Composed of clean dry air, water vapor and impurities

Answer 7

THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE

Question 8

Changes phase easily because critical pressure and atmosphere are above atmospheric ranges

Answer 8

WATER VAPOR

Question 9

Agent or medium of heat transfer in the atmosphere

Answer 9

WATER VAPOR

Question 9

0-4% by volume

Answer 9

WATER VAPOR

Question 10

Nitrogen
Oxygen
Argon
Carbon Dioxide
Others (Neon, Helium, Krypton, Xeon, Ozone, Radon, Hydrogen)

Answer 10

78.08
20.95
0.93
0.03
<0.01

Question 10

Most abundant greenhouse gas

Answer 10

WATER VAPOR

Question 11

LAYERS OF ATMOSPHERE

Answer 11

Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere

Question 12

phenomenon of weather and climate occurs here; MSL (Mean Sea Level) to 10 km

Answer 12

Troposphere

Question 13

10 to 50 km

Answer 13

Stratosphere

Question 13

90 to 120 km

Answer 13

Thermosphere

Question 13

120 km

Answer 13

Exosphere

Question 13

It's where we live and where weather occurs. The temperature decreases with altitude in this layer.

Answer 13

TROPOSPHERE

Question 13

It contains the ozone layer, which absorbs and scatters ultraviolet solar radiation. Unlike the troposphere, the temperature increases with altitude here.

Answer 13

STRATOSPHERE

Question 14

found here where the sun’s ultraviolet radiation is absorbed.

Answer 14

Ozone layer

Question 15

Extending from about 50 km to 85 km (31 to 53 miles) above the Earth, this layer is where most meteors burn up upon entering the atmosphere.

Answer 15

MESOSPHERE

Question 16

The temperature decreases with altitude, making it the coldest layer.

Answer 16

MESOSPHERE

Question 16

The mesosphere is extremely cold, especially at the top, dropping to a temperature as low as negative 90°C.

Answer 16

MESOSPHERE

Question 16

This layer extends from about 85 km to 600 km (53 to 373 miles).

Answer 16

THERMOSPHERE

Question 17

The auroras occur in this layer.

Answer 17

THERMOSPHERE

Question 18

It is the hottest layer of the atmosphere, but the air density is so low that the high temperature cannot be felt at all.

Answer 18

THERMOSPHERE

Question 19

the altitude above which atmospheric temperature remains almost constant.

Answer 19

Exobase or exopause

Question 19

The outermost layer, extending from about 600 km (373 miles) to 10,000 km (6,200 miles) above the Earth.

Answer 19

EXOSPHERE

Question 19

Deals with the storage, movement/transport and transformation of water in Earth

Answer 19

HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

Question 19

major processes in hydrologic cycle:

Answer 19

Evaporation Transpiration Condensation Precipitation Runoff Infiltration Groundwater flow

Question 20

water transports from free water surfaces or land surfaces to atmosphere (liquid to gas)

Answer 20

Evaporation

Question 21

water transports from plants and animals to atmosphere

Answer 21

Transpiration

Question 22

water is converted from gas to liquid

Answer 22

Condesation

Question 22

water flows on land surface or subsurface

Answer 22

Runoff

Question 22

water transports from atmosphere to land and water surfaces

Answer 22

Precipitation

Question 22

water enters soil surface

Answer 22

Infiltration

Question 23

water flows beneath soil surface and stored in rock formations

Answer 23

Groundwater flow