(LECTURE 5) EVAPORATION AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION

Question 1

is the conversion of liquid water from lakes, streams, and other bodies of water to water vapor.

Answer 1

Evaporation

Question 2

Examples of Evaporation

Answer 2

-Drying clothes
-Sweating
-Drying wet floors
-Ironing clothes
-Cooling hot drinks
-Salt production
-Hair drying
-Nail polishing remover

Question 3

is the process by which water is emitted from plants through the stomata, small openings on the underside of leaves that are connected to the vascular tissue.

Answer 3

Transpiration

Question 4

describe the combined losses of water due to transpiration and evaporation.

Answer 4

Evapotranspiration

Question 5

used interchangeably with evapotranspiration but technically, it refers to the sum of ET and water used by the plants for tissue building processes.

Answer 5

Consumptive Use

Question 6

FACTORS AFFECTING EVAPORATION

Answer 6

-Temperature
-Wind speed
-Surface area
-Humidity
-Effects of water quality
-Atmospheric pressure

Question 7

On increasing the temperature, the rate of evaporation also increases.

Answer 7

Temperature

Question 8

At higher temperature, the molecules are moving faster; therefore, it is more likely for a molecule to have enough energy to break away from the liquid to become a gas.

Answer 8

Temperature

Question 9

When the clothes are spread out on a clothesline on a windy day, they will dry up quicker than on a still day.

Answer 9

Wind speed

Question 10

Wind speed and rate of evaporation are directly proportional to each other.

Answer 10

Wind speed

Question 11

As the surface area increases, the rate of evaporation also increases.

Answer 11

Surface area

Question 12

The more area is exposed to air, allowing water molecules to acquire more heat energy from the surroundings

Answer 12

Surface area

Question 13

The larger the surface area, the larger the opportunity for the water to escape or evaporate.

Answer 13

Surface area

Question 14

a measure of the amount of water vapor in the air.

Answer 14

Humidity

Question 15

The more saturated the air, the slower the evaporation process.

Answer 15

Humidity

Question 15

Impurities and dissolved substances can alter the evaporation rate.

Answer 15

Effects of water quality

Question 15

Lower air pressure makes it easier for water to evaporate.

Answer 15

Atmospheric pressure

Question 16

Evaporation rate is faster in fresh water due to high vapor pressure.

Answer 16

Effects of water quality

Question 17

At high altitudes where the air pressure is lower, water boils at a lower temperature. Cooking times vary on different altitude.

Answer 17

Atmospheric pressure

Question 18

describes the total water removed from an area by transpiration (release of water vapor from plants) and by evaporation of water from soils, snow, and water surfaces.

Answer 18

EVAPOTRANSPIRATION

Question 19

help in moisture conservation because they decrease the rate of evaporation.

Answer 19

Mulches

Question 20

METHODS OF MEASUREMENT OF EVAPORATION

Answer 20

DIRECT METHOD
- water budget method
- lysimeter
- class A evaporation pan
INDIRECT METHOD
- mass transfer
- energy balance
- empirical methods
•penman equation
•meyer’s formula

Question 21

device used to measure the amount of water that moves through soil, helping researchers understand water balance, evapotranspiration, and soil-plant interactions.

Answer 21

lysimeter

Question 22

METHODS OF DETERMINING ET

Answer 22

-field experimental plots
-Soil water studies
-Integration methods
-Inflow-outflow method
-Remote sensing techniques

Question 23

the quantity of water applied in these plots is kept small to avoid deep percolation losses and surface runoff is measured.

Answer 23

Field experimental plots

Question 24

samples are taken at various depths in the root zone

Answer 24

Soil water studies

Question 25

the water used by plants and evaporation from the water and soil surfaces are combined for the entire area involved

Answer 25

Integration methods

Question 26

inflow into the area (precipitation), outflow from the area and change in groundwater level are evaluated.

Answer 26

Inflow-outflow method

Question 27

Advanced methods that can estimate evaporation by analyzing satellite data to understand the energy and water fluxes on the Earth's surface

Answer 27

Remote sensing techniques

Question 28

Methods of Measurement of Evaporation

Answer 28

-Direct method -Indirect method

Question 29

the amount of water evaporated from a unit surface area per unit of time.

Answer 29

Rate of Evaporation

Question 30

Direct Method

Answer 30

-Water Budget Method (simplest method) -Lysimeter -Class ‘A’ Evaporation pan -

Question 31

Indirect Method

Answer 31

-Mass-Transfer Method -Energy Balance -Empirical Methods •Penman Equation •meyer's formula