lecture 1 QA

Question 1

How would we assess anatomical areas? 6 things

Answer 1

Observation, active range of motion, palpation, ortho and neuro tests and functional tests

Question 2

What is the unciniate process of cervical spine

Answer 2

raised lip of body of vertebrae near transverse process

Question 3

What holds dens of C-2 to C1 crossing it horozontally

Answer 3

transverse ligament

Question 4

What is special about upper cervical vertebrae?

Answer 4

related to brain stem, damage can effect respiration, HR etc

Question 5

What does a ligament do?

Answer 5

connect bone to bone, provide joint stability, absorb energy

Question 6

What connects dens to occiput?

Answer 6

the alar ligaments

Question 7

What are the 3 parts of intervertebral disk?

Answer 7

annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus and lamellae

Question 8

What happens to pain receptors upon damage to disk?

Answer 8

Pain fibers will move deeper than the outer 1/3 of disk

Question 9

What goes through the transverse foramen?

Answer 9

vertebral artery from C6 to brain

Question 10

what can restrict nerves exiting the cervical spine?

Answer 10

disk from front, or bone from any side

Question 11

What most commonly compresses nerve roots?

Answer 11

bones

Question 12

What do cervical roots combine to form?

Answer 12

major nerves: ulnar, radial and median, musculocutaenous

Question 13

How are cervical roots named?

Answer 13

Roots are names by the vertebrae below them (except 8 because there isn’t one)

Question 14

How are thracic and lumbar roots named?

Answer 14

Thorasic and lumbar are named for the vertebrae above then.

Question 15

motor unit?

Answer 15

motor neuron to several muscle fibers

Question 16

What is a tendon?

Answer 16

dense connective tissue that attach muscle to bone.

Question 17

main contractor muscle is what?

Answer 17

prive mover

Question 18

what assist the prime mover?

Answer 18

synergists

Question 19

what opposes prive mover?

Answer 19

antagonists

Question 20

What muscles stabalize joint so movement can occur?

Answer 20

stabilizers

Question 21

What is the flow for cervical spin - office visit 4?

Answer 21

History, physical exam, diagnosis, treatment recommendations

Question 22

What does LOC Q SMAT mean?

Answer 22

Location, onset, chronology, quality, severity, modifying factors, associated symptoms, previous Treatments.

Question 23

What acromyme is best for physical medicine?

Answer 23

LOC Q Smat

Question 24

LMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

Answer 24

location, mechanism, new? Onset, provacitiv(modifying factors) quality, radiation, severity, temporal factors, urinary or bowel, vitals, water, x rays, your daily life, sleeping

Question 25

what should you not do when observing posture, etc

Answer 25

don?t associate good or bad with things, it doesn't matter

Question 26

What are the physical examinations that can be done?

Answer 26

AROM, PROM, neurologic, orthopedic, surrounding areas.

Question 27

What would you paplate in cervical spine area?

Answer 27

skin, muscles, thyroid, glands, nodes, bones and joint

Question 28

What is involved in anterior triangle?

Answer 28

SCM, midline of neck, mandible

Question 29

What is involved in posterior triangle

Answer 29

SCM, trapezius, clavicle

Question 30

What emerges from posterior triangle?

Answer 30

lots of the cervical nerve plexus

Question 31

How should muscles behave

Answer 31

strong, flexible, soft and the same

Question 32

What should you remember when palpating?

Answer 32

PARTS, pain, asymmetry, ROM, tone, text, temp, special tests.

Question 33

What is importain about parts and palpating?

Answer 33

you need at least 2 of the PARTS to justify treatment

Question 34

Tenderness grading scale +1/4

Answer 34

tenderness with no physical responnse

Question 35

Tenderness GS +2/4

Answer 35

tenderness with grimace/face

Question 36

Genderness GS 3+4

Answer 36

tenderness with withdrawl, flinch

Question 37

Tenderness GS +4/4

Answer 37

withdrawl to ton noxious, ie super light touch causes lots of pain.

Question 38

In what position is RROM, resistive range of mostion ususally done

Answer 38

in a most neutral position

Question 39

When evaluating range of motion, what are the types of mobility?

Answer 39

Normal, hypomobility, hypermobilty, and if and were the pain is.

Question 40

What exams are to try to rule out neurological stuff?

Answer 40

MRS - Motor, reflex, and sensory

Question 41

What is motor testing for?

Answer 41

to test for neurological problems

Question 42

What is the cut off for probably neurological problem?

Answer 42

3/5 is cut off for probably neurological compromize

Question 43

SO, what happens with a motor test that is below +3/5

Answer 43

more tests

Question 44

what are the tests for super low motor function test?

Answer 44

pathological reflex tests, spinal cord tests, maybe imaging, cranial nerve exam

Question 45

Motor test 5/5

Answer 45

full ROM against gravity with resistance

Question 46

motor test 4/5

Answer 46

full ROM against gravity with light resistance

Question 47

motor test 3/5

Answer 47

full ROM agains gravity without resistance

Question 48

Motor test 32/5

Answer 48

cant move against gravity but can do ROM if there is no gravity

Question 49

Motor test 1/5

Answer 49

slight contraction, not joint motion, can't complete ROM

Question 50

motor test 0/5

Answer 50

no evidence of muscle contraction - flaccid

Question 51

The deltoids test what nerve root?

Answer 51

C5 and axillary nerve

Question 52

Biceps test what nerve root?

Answer 52

C6 and musculocutaneous nerve

Question 53

Triceps

Answer 53

C7 and radial nerve

Question 54

Wrist extensors nerve root?

Answer 54

C6 and radial nerve

Question 55

finger extensors

Answer 55

C7 and median/ulnar nerve

Question 56

Figner flexors

Answer 56

C8 median /ulnar nerve

Question 57

finger ab/adductors

Answer 57

T1 and ulnar nerve

Question 58

What does reflex testing assess? 2

Answer 58

both sensory and motor neurons.

Question 59

What is a deep tendon reflex how many synapses

Answer 59

monosynaptic loop

Question 60

DEEP tendon reflexes can help ascertain what?

Answer 60

neurological integrity of spinal cord reflex loop

Question 61

what detects tendon reflex?

Answer 61

muscle spindle

Question 62

Compression of nerve rood does what to reflex?

Answer 62

may weaken the reflex

Question 63

What do leasion do do reflex (brain, spinal cord, stem)

Answer 63

may produce hyperreflexia

Question 64

in additon to compression and lesions, what can affect DTR responses

Answer 64

metabolic abnormalities like hyporthyroidism

Question 65

Hypothyroidism can do what to DTR

Answer 65

hyporeflexia

Question 66

Reflex grading scale 4+

Answer 66

sustained conus, hyperreflexia

Question 67

Reflex scale 3+

Answer 67

hyper reflexia - more than normal

Question 68

2+ reflex scale

Answer 68

normal - lower half

Question 69

1+ reflex scale

Answer 69

hyporeflexia - trace response or with reinforcement

Question 70

0 reflex scale

Answer 70

areflexia - no contraction with or without reinforcement

Question 71

most common cause of low reflex?

Answer 71

technique error

Question 72

What can cause hyporeflexia

Answer 72

lower motor neuron leasion, perepheral neuroathy, radiculopathy

Question 73

what is radiculopathy

Answer 73

nerve root/disc lesion

Question 74

What can cause hyperreflexia

Answer 74

hyper reactor, upper motor neuron lesion clonus, root irritation