LECTURE 1 - STUDY GUIDE Flashcards
(21 cards)
- Which statement describes either the (a) experimental design or (b) the findings of the Hammerling experiment?
Findings of Hammerling:
Cells store hereditary information in the nucleus
- Which statement describes either the (a) experimental design or (b) the findings of the Robert Briggs and Thomas King experiments?
Experiment Design:
- Experimented inheritance in animals
- Worked with tadpoles
Finding: Nucleus was needed to grow, for mammals, plants and humans
- Which statement describes either the (a) experimental design or (b) the findings of the Griffith experiment?
- Worked with mice and R strain and S strain.
How are genes arranged in chromosomes?
- What is the definition of transformation (when referring to bacteria)?
The transfer of genetic material from one cell to another
- According to the video Griffith Experiment: Bacterial Transformation, what is a difference between the coating on the virulent S-strain and A-virulent R-strain?
Virulent S - strain: smooth polysaccharide coating
A - virulent R-strain: no polysaccharide coating
- According to the video Griffith Experiment: Bacterial Transformation, what happened to each mouse within the (a) live R-strain group, (b) live S-strain, (c) heat-killed S-strain, or (d) heat-killed S-strain mixed with a live R-strain?
Live R-strain: mouse lived
Live S-strain: mouse died
Heat Killed S-Strain: mouse lived
Heat Killed S-strain w/ live R-strain: mouse died
- Which statement describes either the (a) experimental design or (b) the findings of the Avery experiments?
- Removed 99.90% of all protein and see if these pneumonia were still able to replicate.
- The answer was yes.
- DNA is what makes this happen rather than the protein.
- Which statement describes either the (a) experimental design or (b) the findings of the Hershey-Chase experiments?
Worked with viruses, they were the only ones to work with viruses to see if DNA also the genetic material that would allow replication and allow transfer
- DNA is made up of long chains of nucleic acids. Which statement does not describe the components of a nucleic acids described in class?
- A five-carbon sugar
- A phosphate group
- A nitrogenous base (purine or pyrimidine)
- Nucleotide(long chains of them)
- Which statement accurately describes any information we discussed regarding nucleic acid bonds or direction regarding bonding (think the prime direction we discussed)?
- 5’ to 3’ tells you what number carbon will be involved in the process
- 5th carbon will bond to 3rd carbon on the bottom
- Comes into play when DNA replication occurs (from interphase into S phase)
- The way it’s bonded matters because it reads out nucleic acids in certain order to replicate DNA
- Which statement accurately describes the findings of the Chargaff’s analysis regarding DNA nucleotides?
His analysis said that Adenine would always pair with Thymine
(or Uracil if it was RNA)
Guanine would always pair with Cytosine
- Which statement describes either the (a) experimental design or (b) the findings of Franklin’s experiments?
Found out the shape of the DNA (the idea of a double Helix)
Used x-ray defraction paterns
- Watson and Crick were the first to make a full model of DNA and found the reasoning why our DNA is a double helix. Which of these statements does not accurately describe these discoveries?
- Watson and Crick discovered that DNA has complementary base-pairs. What does this mean?
Base Pairs: Have to have complementary base pairs, like if you have thymine your soup or salad would be adenine you don’t really have a choice.
- Regarding DNA replication, three models showing how it was completed were originally theorized until scientists realized is matched the semiconservative model. Which of these statements describes the three originally theorized conservative, dispersive, or semiconservative models of DNA replication?
Conservative - Old and new copy are separate (Cannot happen)
Semiconservative - Have ½ old copy and ½ new copy (this is our dna)
Dispersive - Old and new DNA is spliced and combined (cannot happen)
- According to the video DNA Replication The Cell’s Extreme Sport, where does DNA replication take place within a cell?
Nucleus
- According to the video DNA Replication The Cell’s Extreme Sport, when does DNA replication take place within a cell?
Interphase
- According to the video DNA Replication The Cell’s Extreme Sport, the majority of key players of DNA replication are what type of molecules?
Enzymes
- According to the video DNA Replication The Cell’s Extreme Sport, the primer used to initiate DNA replication is made of _____. Fill in the blank.
RNA
- According to the video DNA Replication The Cell’s Extreme Sport, what direction can the DNA polymerase work? Which is the leading strand and which is the lagging strand during DNA replication?
Leading strand
- Continuous fashion
- The strand that runs 5’ to 3’
Lagging
- Use more than one primer because you have more than one DNA being replicated at a time
- According to the video DNA Replication The Cell’s Extreme Sport, what enzymes take care of the gaps in the Okazaki fragments?
Ligase
