LECTURE 4 - STUDY GUIDE Flashcards
(22 cards)
- According to the video Protein Synthesis, where does transcription take place within a eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus
- According to the video Protein Synthesis, what is the job of an RNA polymerase? What does it create?
They will connect complementary RNA bases to the DNA
- According to the video Protein Synthesis, in eukaryotes, the mRNA travels from the nucleus, through the cytoplasm to where?
Ribosome
- According to the video Protein Synthesis, how does the tRNA know which amino acids to bring to make a protein?
The mRNA
- According to the video Protein Synthesis, amino acids are chained together with which type of bond?
Peptide
- According to the video Protein Synthesis, what is the function of a stop codon?
When the ribosome reaches it, it indicates that the protein building is finished
- Regarding the transcription process, what is the difference between a template (antisense) strand and coding (sense) strand of DNA?
Template strand- you read this strand
Coding strand- you do not read this one, does not code
- During the transcription process, is a primer needed to begin the process?
No it is not needed in this process
- Regarding the transcription process, synthesis proceeds from a _____ to ______ direction (the same as DNA replication). Fill in the blanks.
- 5 prime
- 3 prime
- What must be attached to an RNA polymerase (other than the DNA its copying) to begin the transcription process?
The promoter
- Which statement describes what occurs during the initiation process of transcription?
Binding the RNA polymerase and unwind the DNA helix
- What is usually needed in order to begin the elongation stage of transcription? (it is the first thing we discussed on chapter fifteen slide fifteen)
ATP and GTP
- Which statement describes what occurs during the elongation process of transcription?
You’re growing RNA transcript, the mRNA
- What is the definition of a transcription bubble and when is it present within your nucleus?
Transcription bubble- protects anything inside it
RNA polymerase surrounds the entire area that is unwind DNA
- There is no proofreading capabilities when completing the transcription process which can result in many copy errors. What do our cells do to try and fix this problem?
there are multiple gene transcription copies of the same portion
- Which statement describes what occurs during the termination stage of transcription?
- stop sequence
- disassociation
- release
- hairpin formation
- During eukaryotic transcription, multiple RNA polymerases are utilized instead of using one general-use RNA polymerase. Which statement accurately describes the function of RNA polymerase I, II, or III?
- transcribing rRNA and recognizes promoters that are unique to this enzyme
2.transcribing mRNA and small nuclear RNAs
3.transcribe tRNA and small RNAs, which can be used inside or outside
- During eukaryotic transcription, multiple different promoters are attached to the varying RNA polymerases. Which statement accurately describes the promoters attached RNA polymerase I, II, or III?
- How does the initiation stage of transcription vary between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes: Bind promoter and RNA polymerase and unwind DNA double Helix
Eukaryotes: taking RNA Polymerase and attaching it to Promoter and unwinding DNA
- Eukaryotes can complete pre and posttranscriptional modifications to protect the mRNA strand. Why does the mRNA strand have to be “protected?”
Helps the RNA make mRNA
- Which statement describes when the 5’ cap is added to protect mRNA or what the 5’ cap is made of?
-transcription is still in process
-backbone: phosphates carbon sugars, nitrogenous group
- Which statement describes when the 3’ poly-A tail is added to protect mRNA or what the 3’poly-A tail is made of?
Prevent degradation
