Lecture 1. The Concept of Auditory Processing

Question 1

Parts of the left hesmisphere is known to be impliacted in what?

Answer 1

parts of the left hemisphere known to be implicated in language function/dysfunction

Question 2

Name The Auditory Cortex and Association Areas

Answer 2

Primary auditory area
- Heschel’s gyrus located in the sylvian fissure and posterior 1/3 of the superior temporal gyrus

Secondary auditory area
- Posterior superior temporal lobe

Tertiary auditory area
- Posterior-inferior part of the temporal lobe

Auditory association area
- Includes Wernicke’s area - superior temporal gyrus

Question 3

Where is the lateral fissure?

Answer 3

The lateral fissure runs horisontally on both hemispheres but more on left hemisphere
Runs between Broca’s area and Wernikes area

Question 4

the sylvian fissure is a maker for____

Answer 4

the sylvian fissure is a marker for linguistic capacity

Question 5

Perisylvian refers to

Answer 5

Perisylvian refers to the area around the sylvian fissure

Question 6

the angular gyrus is involved in

Answer 6

the angular gyrus is involved in the processing of auditory and visual input and language comprehsnion

Question 7

What is the angular gyrus essential role

Answer 7

Essential role in the integration, processing and connection of these different functional areas

Question 8

________is connected to both broca’s and werkicke’s area which in turn are connected to each other by _________

Answer 8

Angular gyrus connected to both Broca’s area and Wernicke’s areas, which in turn are connected to each other by a large bundle of nerve fibers, the arcuate fasciculus

Question 9

Auditory signals are processed by _____

Answer 9

Auditory signals are processed by Heschl’s gyrus

Question 10

Phonemic analysis probably takes place in ________

Answer 10

the adjacent auditory association cortex (Wernicke’s area)

Question 11

Speech is encoded by

Answer 11

more anterior regions, among them Broca’s area, that directs the adjacent motor cortex to produce appropriate movements for speech production

Question 12

Damage to any of these regions near the ________ impairs language repetition, and is the hallmark of perisylvian aphasias

Answer 12

Sylvian fissure

Question 13

Damage to any of these regions near the sylvian fissure impairs language repetition, and is the hallmark of ________

Answer 13

perisylvian aphasias

Question 14

What is perisylvian aphasia

Answer 14

• Broca’s aphasia = expressive
• Wernicke’s aphasia = receptive
• Global Aphasia is also a PA

Question 15

________ is an impairment of language, affecting the production or comprehension of speech and the ability to read or write

Answer 15

Aphasia

Question 16

Define aphasia

Answer 16

Aphasia is an impairment of language, affecting the production or comprehension of speech and the ability to read or write.
* where expressice and receptive language abilities

Question 17

Aphasia is always due______

Answer 17

Brain injury

Question 18

Aphasia is most commonly following what?

Answer 18

Aphasia is most commonly following a stroke.

Question 19

Aphasia’s may also occur by what?

Answer 19

Aphasia also may occur with other cerebral disorders
* brain tumors
* head trauma
* dementia
* Multiple Sclerosis MS
* Infection

Question 20

Where is Wernicke’s area?

Answer 20

Wernicke’s area lies in the left temporal lobe, adjacent to the primary auditory area

Question 21

Wernicke’s area helps us ____

Answer 21

Wernicke’s area helps us to understand language

Question 22

Language development/usage can be seriously impaired by damage to where?

Answer 22

Wernicke’s area = sesnory/receptive apahsia

Question 23

Patients are unaware of their aphasia

Answer 23

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Question 24

trouble reading and writing, trouble understanding speech of others

Answer 24

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Question 25

Fluent but nonsensical speech - flowing gibberish

Answer 25

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Question 26

controls speech production

Answer 26

Broca’s Aphasia

Question 27

motor or expressive aphasia

Answer 27

Broca’s Aphasia

Question 28

Aware of the aphasia

Answer 28

Broca’s Aphasia

Question 29

patients are aware of these deficits and easily frustrated

Answer 29

Broca's aphasia

Question 30

* Non-fluent speech * Poor repetition * Few words, short sentences, and many pauses * The words come with great effort and often sound distorted * Flat and monotonic intonation *

Answer 30

Broca's Aphasia

Question 31

When a stroke or other condition affects an extensive portion of the front and back regions of the left hemisphere, the result may be

Answer 31

global aphasia

Question 32

global aphasia characteristics

Answer 32

* May have great difficulty in understanding words and sentences * May have great difficulty in forming words and sentences * May understand some words but not others * Be able to utter a few words at a time * Have severe speech/language difficulties that prevent them from effectively communicating

Question 33

Anomia

Answer 33

Patients with anomia have difficulty remembering the proper word to describe an attribute, action, or object

Question 34

Anomia is a result of?

Answer 34

anomia results from cortical or subcortical strokes or cerebral insults