Lecture 10/10

Question 1

Research

What did Turnbull & Justice 2012 say in regards to syntax?

Answer 1

• In their environments, most ch hear simple syntax
• grammatically good utterances with simple noun phrase and verb structures
• However, ch who hear complex syntax more in their environments produce greater amounts of complex syntax at an earlier age than ch who hear complex syntax less often
  e. g., “the cat ate her food!”

Question 2

When do ch master grammatical morphemes?

Answer 2

Around 18 mo when they start to put two words together

Question 3

What are Brown’s 14 grammatical morphemes?

Answer 3

• ing
• in
• on
• s (regular plural)
• ate
• ’s (possessive inflection)
• is, were (uncontractible copula)
• a, the
• ed
• s (regular third person singular
• has, does
• is, were (uncontractible auxiliary)
• ’s, are (contractible copula)
• ’s, are (contractible auxiliary)

Question 4

How do we measure morphosyntactic skills?

Answer 4

• we calculate MLU, or mean length of utterance

- instead of counting words, we count actual morphemes (free and bound)

Question 5

What is MLU?

Answer 5

Mean Length of Utterance (number of morphemes in a sentence)

Question 6

“We wanted to eat cookies” is how many words and how many morphemes?

Answer 6

5 words, 7 morphemes

Question 7

“The three boys wanted five candies” is how many words and how many morphemes?

Answer 7

6 words, 9 morphemes

Question 8

“We played all day with my friend’s toys” is how many words and how many morphemes?

Answer 8

8 words, 11 morphemes

Question 9

“He’s going to cook eggs and bacon” is how many words and how many morphemes?

Answer 9

7 words, 10 morphemes

Question 10

Count the morphemes:

“I need to get my shoes and socks on because the stones will hurt my feet”

Answer 10

19

Question 11

Count the morphemes:

” I will give my old pillow to the poor children so they can sleep better”

Answer 11

15

Question 12

Count the morphemes:

” Madame Blueberry was sad because they didn’t have happy hearts at the Stuffmart”

Answer 12

15

Question 13

What is a phrase?

Answer 13

a group of words that is structurally related

e.g., “tall man” “pretty lady”

Question 14

What is a clause?

Answer 14

• Has a subject and a predicate

e. g., black dog bark, daddy cook, brother watch tv

Question 15

What is a sentence?

Answer 15

A sentence is a clause that is structurally complete

e.g., “the black dog is barking”, “Daddy is cooking”

Question 16

What is a noun phrase?

Answer 16

Sentence role filled by people and objects

e.g., THE BOY is blowing out HIS CANDLES.

Question 17

What is a verb phrase?

Answer 17

Actions or relationships that are central to the sentence

e.g., the girl LIFTS THE BEACH BALL

Question 18

Identify the noun phrase and verb phrase:

“The little red hen was eating corn.

Answer 18

The little red hen= NP

was eating corn= VP

Question 19

Identify the noun phrase and verb phrase:

“The students are taking notes”

Answer 19

The students= NP

are taking notes= VP

Question 20

Identify the noun phrase and verb phrase:

“the leaves were falling down”

Answer 20

The leaves= NP

were falling down= VP

Question 21

Identify the noun phrase and verb phrase:

“The baby was laughing at the dog.”

Answer 21

The baby= NP

was laughing at the dog.= VP

Question 22

What are determiners?

Answer 22

they precede and modify nouns

Question 23

Examples of demonstratives…

Answer 23

• this
• that
• these
• those

Question 24

Examples of ordinals…

Answer 24

• first
• second
• third

Question 25

Examples of adjectives...

Answer 25

- blue - old - fuzzy - cool

Question 26

Examples of possessives...

Answer 26

- my | - his

Question 27

What are pronouns?

Answer 27

A group of forms that can replace nouns or entire noun phrases e.g., I, he, she, we, you, it, they

Question 28

What are common pronoun errors ch make?

Answer 28

- me/I - him/he - her/she - them/they

Question 29

What are noun suffixes?

Answer 29

- comparatives - superlatives - derivational

Question 30

When do preschoolers being to use noun suffixes accurately?

Answer 30

Between 3-5 years of age

Question 31

What are comparatives?

Answer 31

- er suffix; comparison between 2 items | e. g., shortER, cleanER, shiniER

Question 32

What are superlatives?

Answer 32

- est suffix; convey conparison amount increase 2 items | e. g., tallEST, brightEST, blackEST

Question 33

What is a derivational noun suffix -er?

Answer 33

Changes a verb into a noun that names the person who engages in that action e.g., teacher, painter, singer, runner, farmer, plumber, thinker

Question 34

What is an action verb?

Answer 34

Activity that can be seen (writing, swimming, dancing)

Question 35

What are copula verbs?

Answer 35

TO BE verbs that serve syntactically as the main verbs in sentences e.g., am, is, are, was, were She IS driving They ARE vaulting They WERE running

Question 36

What are state verbs?

Answer 36

Express static or unchanging condition e.g., that tree IS old. The building STANDS next to the tree.

Question 37

What is processing verbs?

Answer 37

Internal activity or gradual changes in people or things e.g., (thinking, hearing, stressing, growing, digesting, learning, believing, dreaming, loving, hating, craving, contemplating, hurting)

Question 38

When do ch master most verb forms?

Answer 38

5 years of age

Question 39

What are the 4 types of sentences?

Answer 39

1. Interrogative 2. Declarative 3. Passive 4. Negative

Question 40

What is an interrogative sentence?

Answer 40

Asks a question

Question 41

What is a declarative sentence?

Answer 41

Makes a statement

Question 42

What is a passive sentence?

Answer 42

Noun in subject phrase is passive and is acted on by noun in verb phrase

Question 43

What is a negative sentence?

Answer 43

- Disappearance, rejection, denial - Initially, ch put negative first Disappearance- all gone kitty Rejection- no treat Denial- no go poppy

Question 44

What are complex and compound sentences?

Answer 44

Independent or main clause- can stand alone Dependent or subordinate clause- cannot stand alone

Question 45

What is a complex sentence?

Answer 45

Has independent clause and dependent clause

Question 46

Identify the different type of clauses in this sentence: We will go to the party if it is not raining

Answer 46

we will go to the party= main/indep. clause if it is not raining.= subordinate/dep. clause

Question 47

Identify the different type of clauses in this sentence: I talked to the boy who has red hair.

Answer 47

I talked to the boy= main/indep. clause who has red hair.= subordinate/dep. clause

Question 48

What is a compound sentence?

Answer 48

2 independent clauses are linked together by a conjunction

Question 49

Identify the different type of clauses in this sentence: We ate cookies and they were good.

Answer 49

We ate cookies= (main/indep. clause) and they were good. = main/indep. clause

Question 50

Identify the different type of clauses in this sentence: John liked her but she didn't like him.

Answer 50

John liked her= main/indep. clause but she didn't like him.= main/indep. clause

Question 51

What are coordinating conjunctions?

Answer 51

- connect words, phrases, clauses of equal rank - Ch develop "and" first e. g., so, or, but - Coordinating conjunctions are: FANBOYS For-and-nor-but-or-yet-so

Question 52

Research What did Rescorla, 2008 ASHA Leader study (sept. 23) involve?

Answer 52

Late talkers show language weakness into adolescence - She got 2 groups of children - 39 typically developing (TD) children - 40 late talkers - All were 24-31 months of age - All were from middle-upper income families - TD toddlers were using 230 words and phrases - Late talkers (LTs) were using 25 words, and not using phrases - All ch had normal receptive lang

Question 53

Research What did the follow ups show with Rescorla, 2008 ASHA Leader study?

Answer 53

- At 9 and 13 years, LTs scored in normal range on lang and reading tests - However, they had significantly weaker lang skills than their TD peers - At 17 years of age, LTs had significantly lower scores on measures of vocabulary, grammar, and verbal memory

Question 54

How can we help parents be motivated to seek early intervention for their LTs?

Answer 54

- Talk with parents of success stories - Share research - We want ch to reach full potential - Tx (therapy) is free in the schools - Share statistics of success stories