lecture 10 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the main components of the respiratory system?
Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli
Includes both upper and lower respiratory tracts.
What are the two zones of the respiratory system?
Respiratory zone, Conducting zone
The respiratory zone is the site of gas exchange, while the conducting zone provides rigid conduits for air.
What is the function of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?
Promotes ventilation
It is a primary respiratory muscle.
What are the four distinct processes of respiration?
- Pulmonary ventilation
- External respiration
- Transport
- Internal respiration
What type of epithelium lines the nasal cavity?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
This type of epithelium helps in filtering and humidifying the air.
What are the changes in epithelium types from the nasal cavity to the larynx?
- Nasal cavity: pseudostratified columnar
- Mouth: stratified squamous
- Pharynx: varies
- Larynx: pseudostratified ciliated columnar
What characterizes bronchioles in the respiratory system?
- Consist of cuboidal epithelium
- Complete layer of circular smooth muscle
- Lack cartilage support and mucus-producing cells
What is the respiratory membrane composed of?
Alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basal laminas
It facilitates gas exchange by simple diffusion.
What is the role of histamine in allergies?
Causes vasodilation, pain, itching, and inflammation
Released from mast cells during an allergic reaction.
What type of receptors do antihistamine drugs block?
H1 receptors
This action helps alleviate symptoms caused by histamine.
When are corticosteroid drugs used?
To inhibit the immune system and decrease inflammation and edema
They are not used to treat the common cold.
What is the main purpose of antitussive drugs?
To control dry, nonproductive coughs
They suppress the cough center in the brain.
True or False: Antihistamines can treat the common cold.
False
Antihistamines only treat symptoms and do not address the viral cause.
What are the common decongestant drugs?
- naphazoline
- oxymetazoline
- phenylephrine
- pseudoephedrine
- tetrahydrozoline
What is the function of mast cell stabilizer drugs?
Prevent mast cells from releasing histamine
This helps reduce symptoms of allergic rhinitis.
Fill in the blank: The respiratory zone is the site of _______.
[gas exchange]
What is the mechanism of action for decongestant drugs?
Act as vasoconstrictors by stimulating alpha receptors
This reduces blood flow to swollen mucous membranes.
What are the side effects of first-generation antihistamines?
Drowsiness
These drugs bind to both central and peripheral H1 receptors.
What is the therapeutic effect of expectorant drugs?
Used to treat productive coughs
They help expel sputum from the lungs.
What are the common combination over-the-counter ENT drugs?
- Claritin-D
- Dimetapp
- Drixoral
- Excedrin
- Mucinex
What are some examples of combination Over-the-Counter ENT drugs?
- Claritin-D
- Dimetapp
- Drixoral
- Entex
- Excedrin
- Mucinex
- Pediacare
- Polaramine
- Primatene
- Robitussin
- Rondec
- Sudafed
- Theraflu
- Triaminic
- Tylenol
These drugs contain various combinations of analgesic, decongestant, antihistamine, and expectorant medications.
What type of drugs do combination OTC ENT drugs typically contain?
- Analgesic drugs
- Decongestant drugs
- Antihistamine drugs
- Expectorant drugs
Common examples include acetaminophen, ibuprofen, ephedrine, brompheniramine, and guafenesin.
Name three analgesic drugs commonly found in OTC combination drugs.
- Acetaminophen
- Ibuprofen
- Naproxen
These are often used for pain relief.
Name three decongestant drugs commonly found in OTC combination drugs.
- Ephedrine
- Phenylphedrine
- Pseudophedrine
These help relieve nasal congestion.
