lecture 11 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are the main pulmonary diseases discussed?
Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis, bacterial and viral infections of the lung
What is asthma?
A chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways, causing wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing
What are the types of asthma based on symptom frequency?
- Intermittent Asthma
- Mild Persistent Asthma
- Moderate Persistent Asthma
- Severe Persistent Asthma
What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
A progressive disease that includes emphysema and chronic obstructive bronchitis
What are the characteristics of emphysema?
Damage to the walls between air sacs, resulting in fewer and larger air sacs
What is chronic obstructive bronchitis?
Irritation and inflammation of the airway lining leading to thick mucus and coughing
What is the leading cause of COPD?
Cigarette smoking
What is the mechanism of action of bronchodilator drugs?
Relaxing the smooth muscle around the bronchioles, allowing them to dilate and increasing airflow
What are sympathomimetic bronchodilator drugs?
Beta 2-agonist bronchodilators that stimulate beta 2 receptors
Give an example of a short-acting beta agonist.
Albuterol (Proventil HFA or Ventolin HFA)
What is an anticholinergic bronchodilator drug?
Drugs that block the action of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors in the smooth muscle around the bronchioles
Name a long-acting anticholinergic bronchodilator.
Tiotropium (Spiriva)
What do PDE enzyme inhibitor bronchodilators do?
Directly relax smooth muscle around the bronchioles and stimulate respiratory centers of the brain
What are corticosteroid drugs used for?
Suppressing the inflammatory response of the immune system and reducing inflammation
What is the common suffix for generic corticosteroid drugs?
- -lide
- -nide
- -lone
- -sone
What is the role of leukotrienes in respiratory disease?
Causes airway edema, bronchospasms, and inflammation
What do leukotriene receptor blocker drugs do?
Block the action of leukotriene at the receptor level
What is the mechanism of monoclonal antibody drugs in asthma treatment?
Target interleukin-5 (IL-5) cytokine and block the IL-4/IL-13 pathway to reduce type 2 inflammation
What is the function of expectorant drugs?
Reduce viscosity of mucus for easier coughing
Fill in the blank: The _______ is a substance produced by the body in response to inhaled antigens.
leukotriene
True or False: Corticosteroid drugs can be used to treat acute asthma attacks.
False
What are the symptoms of severe persistent asthma?
Symptoms during the day and waking up every night due to asthma
What type of inhaler is used for administering levalbuterol?
Metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
What can trigger the release of histamine in asthma?
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding to receptors on mast cells and basophils
