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Lecture 10 Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What is the bio containment level for Actinomycetales?

A

level 1-2

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2
Q

Are Actinomycetales gram positive or negative?

A

Positive

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3
Q

What is the appearance of Actinomycetales, Nocardia?

A

Filamentous rods

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4
Q

Describe the appearance of Trueperella pyogenes

A

Pleomorphic gram positive croci-rods

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5
Q

Describe the appearance of Dermatophilus congolensis

A

Branching filaments

Fragment into packets of coccoid cells

Tram tract appearance*

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6
Q

Where is streptomyces found?

A

Soil

Usually non-pathogenic

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7
Q

Where is actinomyces found on the host? (3)

A

Mucous membranes

Nasal cavity

Pharynx

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8
Q

Where is Trueperella found on the host? (3)

A

Mucous membranes

Nasal cavity

Pharynx

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9
Q

Where is Dermatophilus congolensis found?

A

Maintained by carrier animals

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10
Q

Where is Nocardia found?

A

Envr organism

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11
Q

What are the virulence factors for Trueperella pyogenes? (4)

A

Pyolysin - cytotoxic

Neuraminidases, collagen binding PROs & fimbriae - for adhesion

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12
Q

What are the virulence factors for Dermatophilus congolensis?

A

Protesases - tissue breakdown

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13
Q

Describe the sulfur granules from Actinomyces

A

Centrally located bacteria surrounded by clouds of eosinophilic material

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14
Q

What disease does Acintomyces bovis cause in cattle?

A

Lumpy jaw

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15
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of lumpy jaw caused by Actinomyces bovis

A

A. bovis is a normal oral microbiota

Course feed (ex: plant awns) cause lesions in the oral cavity (usually the mandible)

A. bovis will invade

New periosteal bone will form in response to infection

Fibrosis occurs

Forms a hard & immovable painless mass, draining tracts may develop

Usually the mass is painful unless it involves the teeth

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16
Q

How do you tx lumpy jaw caused by Actinomyces bovis?

A

Debridement & penicillin

May need to drain, if so consult surgeon

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17
Q

What is the px of lumpy jaw caused by Actinomyces bovis?

A

Tx may arrest growth of lesion, but regression is usually minimal (new bone formation is permanent)

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18
Q

What is the management to prevent lumpy jaw caused by Actinomyces bovis?

A

Allow access to high quality feed

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19
Q

How does Actinomyces spp normally present in dogs & Cats?

A

As a pyothorax

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20
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Actinomyces infection in dogs & cats

A

Normal member of microbiota

When there is some sort of injury to the oropharynx (bite wound, grass awns, FBs etc.) then the bacteria enter the wound

Normally presents as a pyothorax

Pulmonary infections can occur when they aspirate the awn
&
Abdominal infections can occur following ingestion & migration of the awn out of the GIT into the abdomen

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21
Q

What are the symptoms of a dog or cat with Actinomyces?

A

Variable

May have firm or fluctuant lesions
May have draining tracts
Head & cervical region most commonly effected

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22
Q

What do the lesions contain in a dog or cat with Actinomyces infection?

A

Serosanguinous to purulent material

Contain sulfur granules

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23
Q

How do you tx Actinomyces infection in a dog or cat?

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A

Drain/aspirate the material often

Remove the cause (i.e. remove the grass awn)

Long term penicillin

24
Q

Describe the appearance of Actinomyces israelii?

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A

Filamentous rods & gram positive

25
Describe the pathogenesis of Dermatophilus congolensis
Microbe lives on skin There is damage to the skin on the animal The bacteria invade the lesion When there is a lot of moisture, there is release of zoospores which are then mechanically transmitted b/w animals results in crusting of the skin (usually seen in the fall & winter months in warmer regions)
26
What is required for infection of Dermatophilus congolensis to occur? (3)
Carrier animal present There is an abundance of moisture present There is skin damage
27
How does Dermatophilus congolensis present as an infection?
Superficial infections of a wide range of animals
28
What spp does Dermatophilus congolensis effect?
Wide range including horses, cattle & sheep
29
What are the symptoms of Dermatophilus congolensis in horses? (2)
Rain scald - crusting of skin on back Dew poisoning - crusting of skin on lower extremities when horses are kept on wet pastures
30
What are the symptoms of Dermatophilus congolensis in sheep? (2)
Lumpy wool Strawberry footrot on distal extremities
31
How does Dermatophilus congolensis present in dogs? (2)
Exudative skin disease Superficial on haired skin
32
How does Dermatophilus congolensis present in cats? (2)
Exudative skin disease Often abscessation
33
How do you tx Exudative skin disease in dogs & cats? (3)
Keep skin dry & clean Bathe & remove crusts Penicillin
34
How do you tx Dermatophilus congolensis in sheep? (2)
Topical disinfectants A/bs (depending on spp)
35
How do you prevent Dermatophilus congolensis in sheep? (2)
Remove from wet envr Discard crusts (source of infection for other animals)
36
How is Trueperella pyogenes caused?
Suppurative infections
37
How does Trueperella pyogenes present in calves?
Laryngeal abscesses
38
How does Trueperella pyogenes present in cattle?
Liver abscesses & a component of bovine respect disease
39
How does Trueperella pyogenes present in pigs? (3)
Arthritis Osteomyelitis Subcutaneous abscesses
40
What spp do Trueperella pyogenes infections tend to occur with?
Fusobacterium necrophorum
41
Describe the pathogenesis of Trueperella pyogenes in cattle
Cattle have a highly fermentable diet Ruminal acidosis occurs Bacteria colonize the damaged rumen tissue Bacteria translocate from the rumen into the portal venous sys which can result in abscessation & thrombosis of the caudal vena cava When the abscesses burst they release bacteria which act as an emboli Septic emboli are transported from the R side of the heart to the lungs Bacteria get stuck in capillary beds & set up secondary sites of infection Septic emboli are usually fatal & rupture of the caudal vena cava is fatal
42
Where is Actinobaculum suis found?
Commensal organism of the urogenital tract in pigs
43
How does Actinobaculum suis present as an infection? (4)
Clinical signs vary UTI in pigs Typically afebrile Hematuria & pyuria May be found dead due to acute renal failure
44
Describe the pathogenesis of Actinobaculum suis in pigs
Causes UTI in pigs Ascending infection of the kidney
45
What is the tx for Actinobaculum suis infection in pigs? (3)
Penicillins Management: Good hygiene & provide sufficient water
46
How do you collect samples when suspecting Actinomyces & Nocardia spp infections?
Collect exudates, aspirates & other samples via thoracentesis
47
How do you collect samples when suspecting Dermatophilus congolensis?
Crusts
48
How do you collect samples when suspecting Actinobaculum suis?
Urine
49
How should you handle samples for Actinomycetales? (2)
Tissue for history in 10% formalin | DO NOT freeze
50
How does the lab identify Actinomyces? (3)
Smear of aspirates - look for granules in pus Grows well on blood agar Sequence if required
51
How does the lab identify Dermatophilus congolensis?
Smears of aspirates - look for tram tracks
52
How does the lab identify Nocardia spp?
Look for filamentous rods in acid fast
53
Is Actinomyces zoonotic?
Yes A. israelii causes infections in humans Component of oral microbiota
54
Is Trueperella pyogenes zoonotic?
Rarely in humans
55
Is Dermatophilus congolensis zoonotic?
Skin infections possible in people if they come into contact with infected animals & have skin trauma
56
How do you tx Nocardia spp? (2)
Sulfonamides or sulfa/trimethoprim

Bacteria (16 decks)

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